So let's say you had set your prune limit to 50 GB. You have downloaded and verified the first 200 GB of the blockchain, meaning the first 150 GB has been pruned, and you are storing the next 50 GB. If you now change your prune limit to 100 GB, your client won't go back to redownload blocks you already downloaded and pruned, but will instead just not prune anything until you hit your new prune limit of 100 GB, which you will reach once you are 250 GB through the initial block download.
In the Core GUI you just click on Settings -> Options, and the option to change the prune limit is there.