We have an estimate X bitcoin owners today and Y bitcoins outstanding/mined and Z price per bitcoin.
So there's a relationship between X and Y to Z. If you change Z to $500,000 or $1,000,000 and solve for X you can find out how much adoption and demand would be needed. To get even more precise you should change the level of Y to reflect a future supply of bitcoin that would be higher than it is today, the effect of which will slow the price growth to adoption rate a bit.
The real challenge in the math is estimate how many users there are. There isn't good data on this, however we do have good data on the number of wallets open (currently at about 13.5 million).
Even if you google "how many people use bitcoin" you'll get an incredibly wide range of answers. In this case, take the lowest and highest estimates and create a range for your math.
Once you have a range based on the math you can determine how likely (or not likely) it is to reach that range of adoption to drive the price to $500,000 to $1M.
Maybe there's 10M bitcoin owners today. Could that number get to 100M? Absolutely, and if supply did not change than that would (in theory) raise the bitcoin price by 10 (so $20,000). Assuming no increase in supply, but another 10 fold increase in owners from 100M to 1B we (in theory) could have a bitcoin price of $200,000. We're only a fifth of the way to a $1M price per coin and we need just less than a fifth of the world's population to get there. This also assumes that each user maintains their current holdings and isn't buying more.
Another assumption to factor in (and one that makes reaching the price beyond this basic math more feasible) is considering how many businesses own bitcoin. Businesses can drive the price way up because they often have greater resources to buy the coin!
The discussion can get quite fun when we start talking about the math!
And with supply are you taking availability into account? The maximum number of 23M bitcoins circulating around the world
21M Bitcoin.
In regards to this discussion, if you would have told me back in 2010 that Bitcoin would be worth $1,000 one day, I would have laughed.
I've got friends that have adopted Bitcoin when the ticket was XBT and some even before that. Some mistakes were made along the way, such as spending or selling them at $25-50... while a few of them held on and are now Bitcoin millionaires.
My dumbass never got in because I didn't have the intuition at the time... but I got in under $300 so I'm not doing too bad.
Is $500k a possibility? Yes, it is. Is $1MM? Absolutely. Is it likely to happen? I firmly believe so.
Why? Because fiat currency is almost obsolete. Even credit card and digital payments are almost the "norm" for fiat currency spending. There's nowhere for currency to evolve into besides digital currency.
It's all about adapting to technology... remember when apple released the iPhone 7 without a headphone jack, and everyone complained and said that was the biggest mistake that Apple made? Yeah, look at the sales. I'm typing this on my 7 right now.
Technology scares people because it's new and something they don't often understand. Bitcoin is the same way. I think where we are at with BTC is that people don't understand it just yet, but the global hype is peaking their interest about it. Once we approach 'critical mass' the price and availability will be dependent on the demand of the available supply. Once the last btc has been mined, that's it. Supply is capped. It's not like fiat currency that can be printed for no good reason.
$500k per BTC? Yup. Definitely a possibility. Probably not for a good couple decades, but definitely possible.
Oh. But the transactions and confirmation issues need to be dealt with. Fuck a hard fork, start with a soft fork and see how else to adapt thereafter.