比特币，排名第一的著名加密货币，自从2013年末就吸引了公众的关注，一直是一个争议点。因为它直接绕过了主权国家的金融系统，创造了一种新的去中心化形式的虚拟货币，不同国家的人通过计算机都可访问，把它作为一种非法商品的国家，已采取措施限制其使用，经常被引用的证据是比特币在非法的环境中使用，从而作为海外收入征税或完全禁止加密货币。但是其他国家，只是简单地允许它，在他们境内提醒用户“比特币缺乏可用性”，换句话说，这不是合法的支付。
早在四月的莫斯科比特币会议，比特币社区对俄罗斯禁止比特币的目的，达成的一般共识是，它实际上是对监管这个新市场的可行性带来的许多问题采取甩手不管的方式。许多在经济和政治有影响力的人对比特币及其在俄罗斯市场的角色显示出怀疑态度。
现在，俄罗斯财政部想禁止比特币交易。提出不仅限制货币“替代品”，而且还限制与他们交易，包括利用他们支付商品和服务。
此外，财政部提出货币替代问题及其交易与使用的行政和刑事处罚。同时，该机构计划限制访问信息源，它产生比特币，进行比特币操作与使用，建立相应的行政制裁，“国际文传电讯社”报道。
到目前为止，该法尚未正式颁布。按计划，2015年生效。修订的倡导者声称加密货币吸引非正式甚至非法的经济部门。他们担心的是，业主的名字是匿名的，所谓的比特币可以购买非法物品而获得流行-因此合法化可能会刺激犯罪。
该法附加的材料提醒，虚拟货币在任何管辖权内都不能有法定货币的地位。
根据财政部的说法，使用“替代货币”作为支付手段和储蓄可能“侵犯有良心的人”的权利。机构声称，“替代货币”的持有者无法在司法或行政命令中保护他们的利益，因为它的匿名性和虚拟性。
评论：俄罗斯已经禁过一次，确实影响有限，关键是你想禁也禁不了。
Bitcoin, the first and the well-known cryptocurrency, has been a point of contention ever since it drew public attention in late 2013. Since it directly bypasses the established financial systems of sovereign nations, making a new form of virtual currency in a decentralized format accessible to anyone with a computer various countries, approaching it as an illegal commodity, have taken steps to curb its usage, often by citing its use in illegal contexts and thereby taxing it as foreign income or banning the cryptocurrency entirely. Other countries, however, have simply allowed it, justifying by noting Bitcoin’s lack of usability as ‘money’ within their borders—in other words, that it isn’t legal mean of payment.
Back in April at the Moscow Bitcoin Conference, the general consensus of Russia’s Bitcoin community on the topic of Russia’s purported ‘ban’ on Bitcoin was that it is in fact a hands-off approach with many questioning the feasibility of regulating the new market. Many of economics’ and politics’ most influential people were showing their skepticism towards Bitcoin and its role in Russian market.
Sergey Belyakov, Deputy Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, stated:
“I don’t use it. But I know that our regulatory bodies, as far as I can tell, are reasonably skeptical towards this new system of payment. But I am open to any new ideas related to payment system and I don’t think that the inability to control is a strong argument for shunning this new system.”
When asked about the reason for the so-called ban on cryptocurrencies, which the Central Bank of Russia justified due to their potential involvement in financing illegal activities, Belyakov added:
“If there are particular issues with what kind of [illegal] transactions can be supported with such a payment system then this is a question of management, the effectiveness of control and the adaptation of regulatory bodies to emerging technologies. This has always been the case and you cannot stop the world from moving forward, new systems of payment included.”
- Sergey Belyakov
Now, the Russian Ministry of Finance wants to ban Bitcoin transactions. It proposes to limit not only the ‘substitutes’ of money, but also transactions with them, including their use as payment for goods and services.
Furthermore, the Ministry of Finance proposes administrative and criminal punishment for the issue of money substitutes and transactions with their use. Also, the institution plans to restrict access to information sources, which produce Bitcoin and carry operations with their use, with the establishment of appropriate administrative sanctions, reports "Interfax".
Up to now, the law is not yet officially published. It is planned that the act can become effective in 2015. The initiators of the amendments claim that cryptocurrency attracts informal or even illegal economical sector. They are concerned that owners’ names are hidden, and so-called Bitcoin gained popularity for possibility of buying with it illegal goods – therefore its legalization may stimulate crime.
The additional materials to the law note that virtual money cannot have the status of a legal tender in any jurisdiction.
According to the Ministry of Finance, use of "money substitutes" as a means of payment and savings may “infringe the rights of conscientious people”. Institution claims that holders of "money substitutes" are unable to protect their interests in judicial or administrative order because of its anonymity and virtuality.
First deputy chairman of the Central Bank of Russia Georgy Luntovsky in early July reported that the Bank of Russia is currently reviewing the situation with the development of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Then he admitted that this issue is still under discussion:
"In my opinion, we cannot reject these tools now. Perhaps the future will be based on them”.
- Georgy Luntovsky
It brings to mind words of Arkady Dvorkovich, the ex-Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation under Dimitry Medvedev, who asserted in April that the topic of Bitcoin and its legal status is indeed a crucial issue, not easy to solve:
“This is a question for the Central Bank. But with relation to surrogates or cryptocurrencies and how they will influence the economic situation as a whole – the monetary policy is, after all, relatively delicate with inflation etc. You must approach these issues carefully."
from: http://cointelegraph.com/news/112197/the-russian-ministry-of-finance-one-step-closer-to-banning-bitcoin-
http://www.3-coin.com/2014-08-02/5325/