I've tried modifying the difficulty using this "username/xxxx+yyyy" syntax but it doesn't seem to have any effect.
All I wanted to do was reduce my share solution rate by about 1/40 of what it is right now. I'm looking at the "u: xxx/m" field in cgminer to determine this. It's currently showing about 120/m.
Ok... change the username being passed to p2pool.
adding "/1000" would change the minimum share difficulty you're trying to find, to diff 1000 shares. This option would be the one to slow down how fast you're finding shares. Since payouts take the target difficulty into account, finding fewer high-diff shares would pay out the same as many low-diff shares.
So, say with LTC right now, you're seeing "Share difficulty: 0.640942", and you add "/2.5" to the end of your username, you should start seeing the 'new work for worker!' lines listing your "Share difficulty: 2.500000"... if the pool diff goes higher than that, then you'll follow the pool diff, so it is whichever is higher.
adding "+0.01" would change the other difficulty. Your new work for worker is showing "Difficulty: 0.000009" for example. This is the level of work your miner is sending back to p2pool for speed calculations. If you add "+0.01" to your username, then p2pool will be asking for 0.01 diff shares back for speed stuff, instead of the dynamic one it sends.
Both of those can be used independently.
Also, there is a cap on the + that p2pool will use. I forget exactly how much, but if you set it too high, p2pool will ask for its own maximum from the miner, based on what the Share diff is at the time you start mining. This isn't much of an issue, you'd still be using a much higher miner diff than before.
Using + is _not_ a mathematical operation like the person a few posts above suggested. "+" is just a flag, same as "/", for p2pool to look for to parse out the number being passed to it, so don't use + or / in your username unless you are intending to use the options.
So...
"/####" is target share difficulty
"+####" is target miner difficulty
Lemme know how they work out for you now.
-- Smoov