I think this error is related to the .lock file in the data directory.
To open the data directory, go to Start -> Run, then type in:
%appdata%\Bitcoin
If there is a .lock file in this folder, delete it. If this doesn't help, as others have already mentioned there might be a permissions problem with the directory. Go up one level, then right click on the Bitcoin directory, then click properties. Click on the Security tab, then click Advanced. You should have three lines listed that look something like this (a different order is OK):
Type | Name | Permission | Inherited From |
Allow | SYSTEM | Full control | Anything but |
Allow | Administrator | Full control | Anything but |
Allow | Your_Username | Full control | Anything but |
Also, if you click on the Owner tab, next to Current Owner you should have Your_Username listed. If any of this is different, it might be the source of the problem.