https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/3228
references problems with clang and boost. Although not the same problem as you seem to be having, it might be related. I think it was the recompiling of boost from source that solved it for me, but not quite sure. Search for "If you're using Homebrew, the easiest way to workaround this issue is to compile the Boost library from source using the brew command" in the article that I linked.
Turns out it used the boost installation from MacPorts, which was version 1.58. Brew wants to install boost 1.57, but the other installation was in the path first. I uninstalled the MacPorts boost installation and now it works, the Qt client is running and synchronizing with the networ. So there is some problem with boost version 1.58 and maybe the clang compiler, or some incompatibilities with the MacPorts boost installation, when using brew to install the rest. Someone should port it to C++11, then it should be possible to remove boost.
BTW, there are some serious compiler warnings, like using "false" for an argument to a function which expects "bool *" in main_tests.cpp and which is then converted to "NULL", which might be not what you have intended. And a lot signed/unsigned compare warning, which are possible attack points.
Ok good to hear that you got it running.
Depending on your local versions of your libraries you may or may not get block script validation errors that may halt the blockchain sync. The way around that is either upgrading to the correct libraries or building a release version. Just telling you in case you run into problems.
Yes, there a compiler warnings and things that definitely needs improvement. If you want to have a stab at it you are quite welcome. Or just give pointers to weak spots, like you just did.