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Aerospace monitoring - operative monitoring and control over the state of the environment and identification of places for storing wastes based on remote satellite and aerial survey data on the earth's surface.
Although aerospace monitoring on our platform does not lie on the blockage, we believe that the task of identifying, mapping, monitoring the storage sites for various types of waste is one of the most urgent in the field of ecological protection. Therefore, aerospace monitoring will be an application application platform EcoStart with automated and visual interpretation of different space images using selective aerial photography, field and statistical information.
Firstly, this is due to the serious negative impact of landfills on all components of the landscape due to physical, chemical, biological pollution, as well as deterioration of the quality of life of the population due to a sharp decline in the aesthetic value of natural complexes and an increase in man-made risks.
Secondly, space monitoring data from outer space are practically the only source of information, giving a complete, timely, operational picture of the problem of landfills and at the same time minimizing the financial, time and labor costs for solving this problem.
Space images are used for monitoring. The opto-electronic complexes installed on space vehicles allow to shoot ultra-high spatial resolution (0.7-1 m), the detail and geometric accuracy of which allows for confidently decoding dumps, measuring (linear dimensions, area), determining coordinates and types of dumps. With the help of space monitoring, you can identify a landfill with an area of 10 m2.
To clarify the coordinates of landfills, aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles (BPL) and field survey, which may be carried out by municipal authorities in the territory of which such landfills or ecological societies and activists are located, with subsequent correction of cartographic materials, will be used.
The recognition of objects in aerospace imagery will be automated with the construction of neural networks with a recognition method based on frequency representations. A promising method of intellectual interpretation of monitoring information is neural networks, which is related to the possibility of their learning, the choice of the topology of construction and minimizing the influence of "noise" in the structure of the multizone snapshot.
At the heart of the neural network, represented by a system of interconnected simple processors, the principle of the functioning of the human nervous system is laid. Neurons of a neural network are grouped into layers so that the output signal of the previous layer is fed to the inputs of all neurons of the subsequent layer.
The network is trained by introducing the original rasters (input channels), the source of the labels, the topology of the neural network, and the learning parameters into the program. Optimal is the use of "learning with the teacher," in which the types of landscape-ecological systems are assigned areas of a space image with similar spectral characteristics. The result of the learning process is a trained neural network, which is stored in a file and used for subsequent classification of the satellite image.
The results of the interpretation of the images will be placed on the interactive geoportal map with the tools:
• automatic generation of generalized statistical information on certain criteria (type of landfill, date of detection, category, territorial affiliation, etc.);
• possibility of entering information (clarifying information on field data, as well as putting new objects on trusted users);
• automatic generation of the object's passport (technical characteristics, location, ownership of the land plot is indicated and damage is calculated according to approved methods).
The geoportal map will be publicly available on the EcoStart platform website. Changes to the interactive map can only be made by the system administrator or trusted users.
A separate topic is the identification of garbage "islands" in the world's oceans and the organization of actions to eliminate them with the appropriate collection of funds needed to finance this event.
Financing of the functioning of aerospace monitoring will be carried out at the expense of the environmental fund.
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