Topic: [ANN]Nervos Network[CKB]•Godwoken V1 is LIVE•Interopability•EVM•L1+L2•POW•dAPP• (Read 1143 times)

JoyID, A Passwordless Web3 Wallet That Will Accelerate The Mass Adoption For Nervos
We wrote in a blog post in July that Nervos CKB is unique among public blockchains because of its support for Apple’s passkey feature.
Passkeys are a replacement for passwords. They are designed to provide websites and apps a passwordless sign-in experience that is both more convenient and more secure. Passkeys are built on the WebAuthn standard,
which uses public key cryptography and can also be called “synchronized WebAuthn credentials” for ease of understanding.

In the last part of that blog post, we mentioned what passkeys will bring to Nervos.
We offered an example of a crypto wallet, saying that users might be able to create a Nervos CKB wallet using Touch ID or Face ID after installing the wallet app,
and they only need to authorize with biometrics when creating transactions or interacting with smart contracts, which is highly convenient and safe.

Today, we are excited to introduce JoyID, a passwordless Web3 wallet initiated by Nervina Labs that will accelerate mass adoption of Nervos Network.

JoyID: A Passwordless Wallet For Everyone
Web3 is a hot topic these days. We see it discussed everywhere from the Ethereum community’s recent Devcon conference and other crypto conferences around the world to Twitter Spaces,
Tiktok and every other social media platform. The future of Web3 is promising, but onboarding billions of people to Web3 is a tough task.

The current crypto infrastructure is not designed for mass adoption. We can use a crypto wallet as an example. Most crypto wallets are mnemonic phrase based,
thus it is quite troublesome and even frustrating for a new Web2 user to securely store a 12-word or 24-word mnemonic on his/her own and he/she cannot capture screenshots or copy the mnemonics and store them online.

The crypto wallet is the gateway to the Web3 world. Thus, JoyID is designed to lower the threshold for mass adoption, making it a truly easy-to-use wallet for non-crypto users.
Based on the FIDO WebAuthn protocol and built on Nervos CKB, JoyID is also a cross-platform, cross-terminal, password-free and mnemonic-free wallet.
In other words, users do not need to create, use, or restore passwords or mnemonic phrases.

JoyID provides the following features:

✅ No password, no mnemonic, no email, no phone number

✅ Non-custodial, private keys never leave user’s devices

✅ Authentication with biometric sensor

✅ Arbitrary number of devices (private keys) for one account

✅ Social recovery

✅ Web page based, no installation required

✅ On-chain name, avatar, profile

✅ Does not rely on any centralized party



JoyID also supports the management of Nervos L1 assets (e.g. CKB, sUDT), CoTA rollup NFTs and other fungible tokens.

If everything goes smoothly, JoyID will launch on testnet in December and go live on mainnet in Q1 2023.

Technical Principles Behind JoyID
JoyID makes full use of the technology of WebAuthn, which has been fully supported by mainstream operating systems, including MacOS, Windows, Linux, ChromeOS, iOS, and Android.
Webauthn allows a website to create a public-private key pair in the Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) on the user’s device, and uses the private key to sign transactions,
with the guarantee that the private key cannot ever be leaked. During the signature authorization process, local authentication is performed through biometric identification or PIN code verification.

JoyID supports WebAuthn’s widely used signature algorithm — secp256r1 (P256), for signature verification. JoyID uses the CoTA extension on the Nervos CKB blockchain to register the public keys created by user’s multiple devices,
which point to the same CoTA Cell ID, thus completing the task of the abstraction of a user’s addresses.

JoyID supports the display of a user’s profile, including the user’s name, avatar, personal description, etc. The profile data is stored on-chain in the format of CTmeta.



Nervos Network is a multi-layered blockchain platform powered by an incredibly secure layer 1 and an EVM compatible layer 2,
a combination that provides a framework which enables developers to do what they do best, and remain focused on building.

On Nervos layer 1, there are no hard-coded cryptographic primitives at the consensus layer, only transaction sequencing.
This provides flexibility for the Nervos CKB blockchain, as Web3 builders can use other advanced cryptographic primitives and even self-defined algorithms.
In the example of JoyID, CKB allows dApps to support WebAuthn’s algorithms and realize a passwordless user experience.

There are no shortcuts to success for a public blockchain in such a changing environment. We may walk slowly, but we are on the right path.
Time will tell that Nervos is a promising platform Web3 builders can rely on, and a place where their ideas can be transformed from fantasy into reality.

Why assets on CKB can be managed by BTC address?

First, this is not "cross-chain"
Cross-chain usually means assets are locked on chain A and corresponding assets are created on chain B.
In fact, assets on Nervos CKB will not appear on BTC, nor assets on BTC will appear on Nervos CKB.
Nervos CKB is simply compatible with any public chain's account (address) system.

Understanding from a non-technical perspective
Let's make some analogies. Let's compare a public chain to a country, and the address of that public chain is compared to the resident ID of that country.
1. ETH public chain --> United States
2. ETH address --> U.S. ID card
3. BTC public chain --> United Kingdom
4. BTC Address --> UK ID
5. Nervos CKB Public Chain --> Country C
6. Nervos CKB Address --> Country C ID
Currently, the residents must have a US ID to hold and manage assets in the US, and the same is true for the UK.
The two countries do not recognize each other's national IDs.
However, for Nervos CKB, a new C country, not only residents with C country IDs can hold assets in their country.
Residents of other countries can also hold assets in Country C as long as they provide a valid resident ID from another country.
By further analogy, a BTC user sending assets issued on the Nervos CKB in a BTC wallet is like a U.S. resident reselling his or her home in Country C with a valid U.S. ID.
And this resale process is officially recognized by country C (verified by the Nervos CKB node).

Technical Understanding

Nervos CKB is compatible with BTC's account system, which means that Nervos CKB is a chain that verifies the signature of a BTC private key on a Nervos CKB transaction.

1. Ehe BTC chain can only verify the signature of the BTC private key to a BTC transaction, as does ETH.
When the signature checks out and the transaction is on the chain, it means that you control your BTC assets with your BTC private key.
2. At the same time, the signature algorithm of the BTC/ETH chain is fixed, and the logic of the signature verification process is also fixed.
To add a new signature algorithm, you have to hard fork the entire chain.

However, Nervos CKB has some new features.

1. When adding a new signature algorithm to a Nervos CKB chain, the CKB is not hard forked and the new signature algorithm is installed on the Nervos CKB as if it was a plug-in.
2. Any one at any time can deploy any signature algorithm on a Nervos CKB (it's just a binary program).
3. When a transaction happens on the Nervos CKB, you can specify which signature algorithm needs to be invoked to verify the transaction.
4. When the Nervos CKB node packages the transaction, it runs that particular signature algorithm to verify the transaction. When the checksum passes, the transaction is uploaded to the chain.

That's why we can install the BTC signature algorithm on the Nervos CKB and make it clear in the transaction (which is generally a transfer of fungible or non-fungible tokens)
that the node must invoke the BTC signature algorithm to perform the checksum when packaging the transaction.

When the signature verification is passed, the transaction is uploaded to the chain and the asset transfer is completed,
which means you control your Nervos CKB assets with your BTC private key.

For the same reason we can install any public chain's signature algorithm on Nervos CKB and then any public chain address can hold assets issued on the Nervos CKB.
Such an elegant "cross-chain" approach was inspired by the Lay2 team.
The PW-SDK they built is the infrastructure of the Nervos ecosystem and is the core secret of how DAS accounts can be held by any public chain address. ❤

Proof of Stake vs Proof of Work: The Case of Transaction Finality



In this article, we look at the two most popular consensus mechanisms - PoW and PoS - and evaluate them in terms of transaction finality.
We argue that PoS is doable but comes with trade-offs when it comes to transaction finality.
After all, PoS is dependent on deterministic transaction finality. Exactly this deterministic finality can be considered a problem.

Consensus mechanisms – or rather called security mechanisms as Ben Edgington would argue here – are an essential part of public blockchain architecture.
For its security, Bitcoin is famously relying on the Proof of Work mechanism. Ever since 2012, an alternative in the form of Proof
of Stake (PoS) has been introduced. Its primary claim is to reduce energy
consumption and lower hardware requirements for those nodes that participate in the production of blocks.
While with Proof of Work (PoW) these nodes are called miners, in Proof of Stake they are generally referred to as validators.

As a matter of fact, PoS has been introduced as a better alternative to PoW, mainly because it “produces” less waste.
While this assertion seems convincing at first sight, a more thorough examination of the argument invokes skepticism.
As has been laid out elsewhere in detail, if we refer specifically to waste rather than pollution, Proof of Stake is by no means necessarily less wasteful, since instead of energy used, capital is locked up that cannot be used alternatively.
Ultimately, PoW uses energy/hardware directly and specifically, while PoS uses capital/liquidity vaguely and generally.

So, although PoS is still considered the better alternative to PoW in mainstream circles, multiple valid criticisms have been raised against the concept of PoS.
These don’t outright prove that the concept is worthless but at least correct the notion that PoS is somehow fundamentally better than PoW. In this article, we will focus on a specific topic, the security aspects of PoW as well as PoS consensus related to transaction finality.

What is transaction finality?
When a Bitcoin transaction is broadcasted to the network and a miner includes it in a block, it is generally not considered “confirmed” until a few blocks are created on top of it.
This is the case because, with Bitcoin, naturally small chain reorganizations in the form of forks happen every now and then.
As a consequence of network latency, some nodes accept different blocks at the same block height, resulting in two blocks being created simultaneously.
Also, Bitcoin’s history of transactions can diverge because some nodes don’t accept particular transactions or blocks in the case of a potential network delay or Sybil attack.

Since the history of the Bitcoin blockchain can be reorganized, a block and its relative transactions cannot be considered immediately “final”.
Instead, Bitcoin is known to have probabilistic finality, meaning that while transaction reorganization is probabilistic, the probability of reversing transactions is a function of cost.
For miners to reverse transactions, they have to produce an alternative history that is costly.
The more blocks are built on top of a transaction, the more hash rate is required to create an alternative longest chain, lowering the probability of a reorganization.

As such, Bitcoin is commonly also said to have economic finality.
Even if it’s theoretically always possible to reorganize the Bitcoin blockchain, the probability for this to happen is very low due to economic incentives,
since it is much more economically attractive for a miner to make money producing valid blocks on the longest chain instead of trying to fork a competing chain.

The concept of deterministic finality
Being familiar with probabilistic or economic finality, one understands why the usually portrayed image of Bitcoin being immutable is not actually correct.
Still, from a user perspective, probably irreversible transactions would seem to be more desirable.
And in fact, there are protocols – mostly Proof of Stake ones – that claim to have deterministic finality, which means that once a transaction is included in a valid block and satisfies the relevant consensus rules,
it can no longer be reversed, while also achieving faster transaction confirmation.

In order to achieve such deterministic finality within a blockchain, a vote within a set of network participants is required.
Because of the voting mechanism, once blocks are final, it is not the longest chain rule (as in Bitcoin) that decides on the correct chain,
but the correct chain is determined and approved by a set of network nodes, acting as the ultimate authorities and accomplishing finality through their vote.

Implementing deterministic finality in Proof of Work chains
In theory, a mechanism similar to deterministic finality could be implemented in PoW chains too, implying an exception to the selection rule of the longest chain.
For example, it is possible to create checkpoints
for blocks at a specific height, so that nodes won’t reorganize the history up to that block even if they see an alternative longest chain.

Currently, in Bitcoin, the only checkpoints accepted are the ones configured locally by node maintainers themselves. On the protocol level, there are no checkpoints though.
The reason being that implementing any kind of deterministic finality or checkpointing system at the protocol level would introduce an unwanted source of centralization,
chain splits, or the risk of a stall of the network as we will explain further down the article.

There is general acceptance that introducing any sort of deterministic finality mechanism in Bitcoin would be considered more a bug than a feature.
Centralization risks of this kind should be avoided since the focus of Bitcoin developers is stability, security, resilience, and decentralization
of the network rather than faster on-chain transaction speed.
In general, Bitcoiners have always recognized that the goal of fast transaction confirmation would be achieved together with scalability through the implementation of a second layer (Lightning Network) by switching off-chain,
rather than increasing block frequency, block size, or implementing a finality tool for faster confirmation.

Deterministic finality: A necessity for Proof of Stake
So, if deterministic finality is a force for centralization, why are Proof of Stake protocols going for it?
The crux of the matter is: In Proof of Stakes, not having some kind of deterministic finality implemented on the consensus level poses security threats to the network, so it’s more a necessity than an option.

Let’s take a closer look at why this is: In Proof of Stake systems, it is theoretically possible that an entity has the power to rewrite the history of the chain without bearing significant costs.
Therefore, some sort of mechanism for enforcing deterministic finality must be implemented in PoS systems.

In fact, with PoS creating blocks doesn’t require any cost or effort expressed in energy, rather it requires the cost of having coins at stake (immobilized capital).
Nodes that have – or used to have – block creation privileges could use their power to propose an alternative chain to the network without having to bear any cost in the form of energy expenditure.

Such an attempt is generally called a “long-range attack”, in which the attackers may not bear any cost since they have “nothing at stake”.
For example, a few malicious participants within the network might sell all their previously staked coins, so that they now have no economic disincentives in attacking the chain,
and then create an alternative history from the moment in the past in which they had block creation privileges.

The problem with deterministic finality in PoS
In most Proof of Stake chains, the deterministic finality mechanism requires that two-thirds of the active participants of the network vote on the validity of blocks.
If the vote is cast in advance as a requirement to create a valid block (e.g. Algorand) and one-third of the stakers are missing, then the chain stalls.
Instead, if the vote is held after blocks are validated to finalize the chain up to a certain height (e.g. Polkadot, more in general Substrate), and some nodes are temporarily separated by the main network, they may end up finalizing a different chain, causing a permanent fork.

Because stalls or permanent forks may threaten the smooth functioning of the network and its convergence property, “slashing” conditions have been proposed for PoS systems.
For example, in Ethereum 2.0 with CASPER, nodes get penalized for going offline. Again, this “solution” may introduce new tradeoffs.
Out of fear of losing money due to slashing, stakers can be disincentivized from staking, for example in the case nodes become non-operational because of a DDoS attack.
And the fewer the stakers, the more the network is centralized.

Conclusion: Is the security of Bitcoin PoW still unparalleled?
All PoS systems are still experimental pieces of software lending themselves to serious considerations about centralization and other tradeoffs.
There is not a straightforward alternative technology ready to substitute PoW, which really has the same degree of decentralization the Bitcoin network has.
That being said: for governance, we see some sort of staking mechanism to provide a valid use case. Distributing the ownership within a DAO could be such a use case.
For a decentralized base layer blockchain though, we find it really hard to replace what is known as Bitcoin’s Nakamoto consensus in terms of security and decentralization.
Nevertheless, for the sake of innovation and progress, it is worth exploring any possible way, from PoS to interesting PoS/PoW hybrids.

Nervos Network Godwoken Announcement

Nervos Network is excited to announce Godwoken Game+ Blockchain! The 100% EVM Layer 2 optimistic rollup blockchain will now be spinning off into its own independent organization spearheaded by Eric Vander Wal,
CEO and former head of Developer Relations at Nervos Foundation, along with Flouse (CIO, former lead developer of Cryptape Engineering), JJY (CTO, former lead developer at Cryptape Engineering)
and other team members from Nervos Foundation and Cryptape Engineering. Additionally new members used to work at Apple, Blizzard and in the gaming industry will be joining the team from outside of these two organizations.

Godwoken Game+ Blockchain aims to prioritizes fun-first gaming through ecosystem incentives, support and cutting edge technology.
It will take a leading charge on web3 gaming transparency, sustainability and ethics.

Godwoken Game+ Blockchain is the first modular gaming full stack blockchain.

Pick and choose the pieces you want to use (or not), but know that each piece fits together as it should out of the box for the best blockchain gaming development experience.
However, that being said, we believe that no project in web3 (dApp or game) is an island and will benefit from a full and bustling web3 ecosystem of defi dApps, bridges, NFT projects and NFT marketplaces.

As many of you already know, Godwoken is 100% EVM Compatible so developers can use their favorite tooling and wallets right out of the box and get the Ethereum benefits without the cost.

Godwoken plans to release a full roadmap in the coming weeks which includes Godwoken metaverse wallet with social sign in (and nothing to download), frictionless prepaid gas (or gasless) API as a service,
easy web2 to web3 APIs and even game engine SDKs tailor made for Godwoken. All of this with a low cost and green energy footprint.
And as always, security comes from Nervos L1 Blockchain with maximized decentralization and sustainability through an open source design.

It is important to us that we acknowledge the team at Cryptape who has always worked closely with us to build some of the most amazing technology in the web3 space.
We also want to recognize the Nervos community and the support that you have always shown. And of course, the entire Nervos Foundation team!

In Q3 the Godwoken roadmap will be released so make sure to visit the website to get updates and stay on top of all news: https://godwoken.com/

The First Oracle on CKB is arriving on Godwoken

Nervos’ all-inclusive dapp ecosystem is rapidly becoming a one-stop-shop for developers to universal dapps on.
The Nervos Network being natively interoperable, comprises several cross-chain protocols and services, with the latest integration being with Band protocol, a decentralized oracle platform.
This is the next chapter of oracle integration for Band Protocol as the service was previously integrated with the Nervos CKB layer one.
Band’s oracle fits right into the Nervos ecosystem, offering an all-inclusive and cross-chain oracle service for blockchains without compromising security, reliability, or trust.
Band’s secure, fast, and robust price feeds will empower data-driven dApps of all use cases by granting them access to reliable data.

Band Protocol offers a forward-compatible, blockchain-agnostic oracle that is secure and decentralized to bring real-world data into web3.
To date, Band Protocol is integrated with over 25 platforms and serves an average of around 33,000 requests per day.
As the Nervos ecosystem strives to become the universal access point for web3, Band’s integration adds another tool for dApps to flourish in a secure and decentralized way.

Band can aggregate and connect real-world data and APIs to smart contracts on Godwoken, further enabling DeFi protocols, prediction markets solutions,
and games to be built on Godwoken without the need to rely on the single point of failure of a centralized oracle.
Band also provides customization that is tailored to each project’s needs. An example is Hadouken, which will rely on Band’s oracles for its lending function.
Hadouken will be the first dApp on Godwoken that will offer a DeFi hub for users to perform a variety of actions,
including being able to lend out and borrow against their CKB and the ability to interoperate with tokens from other platforms like Ethereum and the Binance BNB Chain.
Band allows Hadouken to function as intended by providing real-time, secure, and decentralized price feeds and off-chain data that are constantly served.

To learn more about Band, visit bandprotocol.com or follow @BandProtocol on Twitter. To learn more about Nervos, visit https://www.nervos.org/ or follow @NervosNetwork on Twitter.

Multichain integrates with Godwoken to Continue the Path Forward to Interoperability

Multichain is a cross-chain routing protocol that offers no slippage and arbitrary data transmission through bridging, routing, and smart contract calls.
The protocol is integrated with over 60 blockchain platforms and has deployed nearly 3,000 bridges for assets, NFT and cross-chain messages. Godwoken,
a Layer 2 optimistic rollup built on Nervos, continues to support key infrastructure integrations that further the progress in developing a state-of-the-art interoperable web3 ecosystem.

Nervos as the universal access point to cross-chain routing

This integration establishes another critical pillar in creating a unified web3 ecosystem that can utilize the Nervos architecture as a universal access point to all networks.
Users can seamlessly interact with assets and different types of data on different chains using the Multichain protocol, all through Godwoken.

The Multichain Cross-Chain bridge will allow assets on Godwoken to be sent to another chain,



while the Cross-Chain Router enables any assets to be transferred between Godwoken chains, no matter if they are issued natively or created with Multichain’s Bridge.



To learn more, check out the Multichain documentation.

With the upcoming releases, a new wave of cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and arbitrary messages will start transferring to Godwoken, unlocking new capabilities and use cases.
Assets like USDC, USDT, DAI, ETH, and wBTC (to name a few) will become part of the Nervos ecosystem through the Multichain Bridge.

“It’s a great pleasure to be the cross-chain bridge to support the Godwoken network. Multichain will work together with Nervos to further promote its interoperability and push the boundaries of the multi-chain era, “ said Zhaojun, Co-Founder and CEO of Multichain.

In the words of Terry Tai, Co-Founder of Nervos: “We are excited to have Multichain as part of the Godwoken blockchain, and for all the new doors of interoperability between chains it opens up.”

To learn more about Multichain, visit https://multichain.org/ or follow @MultichainOrg on Twitter. To learn more about Nervos, visit https://www.nervos.org/ or follow @NervosNetwork on Twitter.

About Multichain

Multichain proves a Cross-Chain Router Protocol (CRP), an infrastructure for cross-chain interoperability, envisioned to be the ultimate router for Web3. To date,
Multichain supports a constantly growing ecosystem of EVM and non-EVM chains (over 60) and deployed bridges (nearly 3,000). Multichain, envisioned  to be the ultimate router for Web3.0, is working hard to push the boundary of multi-chain.

Recap of PoW vs PoS discussion on Fork It Podcast — Part 1
Crypto currency mixer Tornado Cash has been sanctioned by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).
Currently it looks like over 66% of the beacon chain validators will adhere to OFAC regulations.

The Merge is on the horizon and Ethereum is about to move its consensus mechanism to Proof of Stake (PoS). Will Ethereum face protocol level censorship after the Merge?
If so, what will this mean? Would it be different if its consensus mechanism was PoW?

In this episode of Fork It, a Chinese podcast program for blockchain technology, our host Terry (co-founder of Nervos Network) invited Cipher, founder of Nervina Labs, to talk about PoW and PoS in depth.

Here is the full recap:

Introduction
Terry: Good day to everybody. In this episode, we’ll discuss what you might consider a cliché, PoW vs. PoS.
It has become a hot topic due to recent events like the sanction against Tornado Cash and the upcoming merge of Ethereum.
We have our old friend Cipher here to discuss this topic this time. Cipher, please say hi to everyone.

Cipher: Hello, everyone. I’m Cipher.

Terry: Although Cipher is an old friend, there could be some new listeners; therefore, I’d prefer if you started by sharing your blockchain-related experiences.

Cipher: I am a veteran, although a pretty inexperienced one. I learned about Bitcoin in 2013, but I was not a believer then.
I regarded bitcoin as a practical T+0 investment at the time because I was working on other endeavors full-time.
I created a trading bot at the time and earned about ¥300,000 from only a few thousand.

Terry: A quick question. Were you superior, or were the trading competitors too weak then?

Cipher: At the time, there were few trading bots. Hence there weren’t many rivals in the market. My approach was fairly simple:
purchase after two consecutive upswings and sell after two straight downturns. I earned money that way.
There was a window of time, perhaps two or three months, after which this tactic ceased to be effective. Then, I stopped for several reasons, including regulatory concerns.

I didn’t enter the blockchain industry until 2016 when I started to work on research and products of a consortium blockchain project.
After that, I joined the public blockchain project until last year; then I began working on an independent NFT project.
I started a new project this year and have moved to Singapore to do something big.

Terry: Cool! I will first provide some background information to set the stage for our discussion on PoW vs. PoS today.
The recent sanction against Tornado Cash protocol by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the US Treasury Department and the arrest of one of its core developers in the Netherlands caused a stir.
It’s a big deal, and some centralized organizations, including exchanges, wallets, and even the front ends of some blockchain applications, are active in banning addresses that connect with Tornado Cash.

Another background is the upcoming merge of Ethereum, where its consensus mechanism will be upgraded to PoS.

The third background is that it currently looks like over 66% of the beacon chain validators will adhere to OFAC regulations.
A poll was launched on Twitter on the possibility of these validators censoring Ethereum at the protocol level in the future.
Since there is a significant difference between the two in terms of how they handle protocol-level censorship, the debate between PoW and PoS has become more intense.

Therefore, there is a necessity to produce an episode to talk about PoW and PoS. This is also an opportunity to dispel some common misunderstandings regarding PoW.

The Relationship Between PoW and PoS
Terry: First, let’s limit the scope to layer 1 because there may be different choices beyond this scope. Cipher, should our future global money be built on PoW or PoS?
What is the relationship between PoW and PoS? Is PoS a progressive, a regressive, or are they not progressive or regressive, but rather like left and right?

Cipher: I think PoS and PoW are two choices of the path. There is no progress or regression.

I want to clarify that PoS and PoW are two methods of selecting the node to produce blocks. They are not the entire consensus mechanism.
The consensus mechanism should include at least other equally important things, such as which chain is the right one when there are forks, block rewards, punishment, etc.

From the perspective of selecting the node to produce blocks, PoW is connected to off-chain variables, such as hash rate, energy consumption, chips, electricity prices, local regulations, etc. In contrast,
PoS is more connected to on-chain factors, such as token distribution, staking percentage, etc.

So it is easy to understand that PoW and PoS have nothing to do with who replaces whom or who is more advanced.
They choose two separate paths, one relying on off-chain variables and the other depending on on-chain factors to determine which node will produce the next block.
They are designed to fit different use cases.

I wrote a blog post titled Mining to the Left, Staking to the Right a few years ago, and I used left and right to describe the relationship between PoW and PoS. My opinion is unchanged.

Two Types of Public Blockchains
Terry: I vaguely remember you mentioning two types of public blockchains in that blog post. Can you explain a bit more?

Cipher: There are two typical application scenarios for blockchains. One is anti-censorship, similar to bitcoin fundamentalism, which entails seizing control of your property rights.
The ability to build dApps or DeFi applications on the blockchain and improve TPS is less important than the core task — anti-censorship. This is one direction for public blockchains.

Another direction is designed for open finance, which is not necessarily decentralized finance. Compared with the current financial system, open finance is already a very revolutionary thing.
We can build incredible financial applications on it, and third parties can be added to the monetary system. The so-called DeFi can significantly improve productivity and economic efficiency.
Users may not be so concerned about whether it is resistant to censorship and may even embrace the regulation.

In short, the first type of public blockchain mainly solves the problem of how to resist censorship. In contrast, the other type mainly solves the problem of global collaboration via open finance.
Can these two types of public blockchains be merged? It is possible, but they must be in different layers.
If you want to merge them all in the same layer, such as in layer 1, I don’t think you will succeed as there is a technical limit.
There must be a trade-off.

Terry: When you wrote that blog post, you must have classified Ethereum as the first type of blockchain, right?

Cipher: Yes, at least the notion that Ethereum Foundation and Vitalik were promoting to the public tells us that Ethereum belongs to the first type.
However, it turns out to be more like the second type of blockchain. The result speaks louder.

Terry: So, after the merge to PoS, Ethereum is more likely to be the second type of public blockchain, right?

Cipher: Yes. The reason why there are now so many arguments about Ethereum is due to the path it chooses. It is not a technical problem but a choice problem from different approaches.
For example, there’s also a lot of controversy on Ethereum EIP-1559. You can find out that EIP-1559 does not help to improve TPS, nor does it reduce the gas fee. It only weakens the rights of miners.
This is the choice Ethereum made, and it has nothing to do with technology but political things.

PoW or PoS, which is more suitable for layer 1 blockchain?
Terry: We narrowed down the topic to layer 1; we want to serve as global money and be the first type of public blockchain you mentioned above.
I believe you also favor PoW over PoS; am I correct? What are your thoughts about that?

Cipher: Yes. I need audiences to think about one question: What is blockchain’s core value? Or, what kind of problems does blockchain solve?

This question was discussed frequently before the massive emergence of DeFi applications. At that time, the blockchain only had a payment function, which was largely weakened due to various reasons.
For example, many users regarded bitcoin as a SoV (store of value) and were less willing to pay for things in bitcoin. There were few applications, and users repeatedly asked “why should I use Bitcoin?.”

The application layer has been the center of attention for the previous two years. As NFT and DeFi applications grow in scope, users appear to be less concerned with blockchain’s core value.
That is a meta question and one of the most important ones in the blockchain world. Many later things are genuinely in the air if that question is not fully discussed.

In the past years, there were many labels for the blockchain, such as a non-reversible public database, a global computer, etc. All these labels are right, but one definite key word is missing: no permission is required.
Blockchain is a license-less, tamper-evident global public database, a license-less global computer. All of these labels are accurate but missing one important word — permissionless.
Blockchain is a permissionless non-reversible public database and a permissionless global computer.

If you remove the word “permissionless,” you’ll find that you don’t need a blockchain to achieve it.
A non-reversible public database can be created via hashed digital signatures, and a global computer can be achieved with the help of Amazon cloud service or some open APIs.
Permissionless can only be achieved through a blockchain.

I believe that the blockchain system is the first and only open system created by humans that is permissionless.
All other systems require permissions; to use them, you must, for instance, use your ID card to create an account or have someone else make an account on your behalf.
Therefore, things like performance improvements, privacy protection, cross-chain bridges, sharding, NFTs, and so on are the tall buildings sitting on top of the foundation of blockchain technology, which must first be established well.

PoS outperforms PoW in several aspects, including performance, energy consumption, etc.

However, nearly all PoS proponents, even the most aggressive defenders, have to admit that PoW works better in terms of permissionless.
Anyone can send a transaction in PoW since there is a considerably lower entrance barrier, while PoS weakens the permissionless for various reasons.
So, in my opinion, PoW maintains the ideological stance of permissionless, and it has to make sacrifices in other aspects.

PoS has gone farther and farther down the road of practicality. Delegate service was unavailable in the early PoS blockchain projects, but it was eventually added.
The later PoS blockchain projects, like Solana, are becoming increasingly centralized. You will find out that they have started to operate more and more like the traditional financial systems.

I think PoS blockchain projects are more like the next generation of central banks or Wall Street, with greater openness.
Data is more accessible as anybody can access and read it on-chain, but there is no assurance that you can write data on-chain or won’t be censored when you write the data.

The PoW mechanism has always represented a rebellious force against financial tyranny.
You can go to Wikipedia and search for “Cantillon Effect,” an effect related to the money supply, for a better understanding of economic tyranny.

Therefore, I believe that the PoW mechanism will probably never become mainstream because of its limited performance, even though it is incredibly hardcore.
However, I would find it quite dull if PoS were the only consensus mechanism surviving in a decentralized world. That’s why I am firmly in favor of PoW.

Brainiac Finance: Roadmap Deep Dive
Brainiac Finance is the first smart lending market on Nervos that will open up a new way to borrow and lend while earning good APY, all in a fully decentralized setting.
The initial launch on Nervos Godwoken is planned for September 2022, and the Brainiac team has extensive development plans for the future of Brainiac Finance.

Asset Voting
In the near future, voting for assets to add will be enabled. Anyone can propose an asset, and everyone can vote for and against it.
After an asset successfully gets passed via voting, it will be added to the interface and will become available for lending and borrowing.



This transition to $BRAIN-based voting mechanics will help Brainiac Finance eventually shift to a fully decentralized entity living on Godwoken.
Our aim is to be completely community-first and fully decentralized, where the community plays as important a role as the core development team.

Safepal support
Once Brainiac Finance is launched, Full Dapp support to execute all transactions using Safepal Wallet is live.

vTokens
A relatively small user-side improvement to allow protocol participants to export their lender position in the form of tokens. vTokens are both tradeable and transferrable.

BrainUSD(BAI)
Brainiac Finance is designed to be a complete digital assets ecosystem, and introducing a stablecoin will be one of the next steps of that path.

BrainUSD (BAI) is a future stablecoin cryptocurrency that aims to keep its value as close to one United States dollar (USD) as possible.
It will be regulated by Brainiac DAO & $BRAIN holders, who may vote on changes to certain defined parameters to ensure stability.



Minting BAI will be as simple as borrowing: technically, there’ll be no difference between minting BAI or borrowing USD(T/C) for a basket of other coins.
Of course, when there’s borrowing, there will be liquidations.

Altogether, BAI is a collateralized debt position (CDP) via Brainiac Finance to secure assets as collateral on the blockchain.
With this architecture, BAI falls into the category of Crypto-Backed Stablecoins (similar to DAI/Oasis) as opposed to algorithmic stablecoins (sUSD, USDN) or fiat-backed stablecoins (USDT, USDC).
If we continue that analogy, $BRAIN is set to play a role similar to one of MKR, one of the most stable and battle-tested systems in existence.

Fees earned from minting BAI is set to be distributed among Brain stakers.

Protocol Governance and Profit Distribution

$BRAIN stakers get direct control of the protocol
Every decision made, whether good or bad, is to be voted through on-chain governance.
We are fully determined to be a community first protocol, and are committed to not making the same mistakes as Web2.0

This is how it will work: Every transaction, any proposal to change the rules of the game, can be created by anyone — but it needs to pass voting to get applied.
Everyone gets a chance to review, comment and vouch for or against it. After the vote has passed, anyone can broadcast the transaction, making the changes effective immediately.

This is the essence of pure DeFi governance, powered by Godwoken’s flexible smart contract system.

BRAIN stakers directly share revenue of the protocol
Revenue streams from all lending pools will be shared across $BRAIN Stakers.



It’s as simple as this: if you stake Brain, you get revenue. Governance and profit distribution can only come together.

Mobile and UI/UX Upgrades
We plan on continuing upgrades to improve our user experience on the Brainiac Finance dApp.
As part of the Brainiac community and by investing into the system, be completely assured that we will keep making consistent improvements to our dApp to increase ease of use for all users.

What Next?
Brainiac Finance has partnered with YokaiSwap for the Initial Dex Offering (IDO) of our native token $BRAIN.

$BRAIN will be the first IDO hosted on Godwoken since it’s upgrade to v1 and we hope the community will participate in it.

More details about the IDO and how you can participate in it will be released soon.

Follow us

🌐 Website: https://brainiac.fi

🐤 Twitter: https://twitter.com/BrainiacFinance

😻 Discord: https://discord.gg/FcUQnEyyYc

👋🏻 Telegram: https://t.me/brainiac_official

Docs: https://docs.brainiac.fi

Introducing NevDEX, DeFi exchange platform built on Nervos

Today we are introducing NevDEX, NevDEX is a DeFi exchange platform built on Godwoken, an optimistic rollup solution on Nervos Network.
NevDEX has the ecosystem on Godwoken with its Exchange, Yield Farming, NFT,etc.

NevDEX is one of the projects that received Grant from Nervos Network.The name of the NevDEX is coming from the two words Nervos and DEX (Decentralized Exchange).
We aims at providing the Nervos Network users with a comprehensive infrastructure for trading and ensuring a CEX-competitive user experience.
Thus, NevDex’s vision is the extension of DeFi services offered on Nervos Network and other blockchains as well as the attraction and onboarding of the CeFi audience to on-chain trading and investments.

Discover NevDEX’s DEX

NevDEX is an order book based DEX. Trading through an order book is traditionally cheaper than AMM swapping because AMMs have to pay liquidity providers the fees paid by users to incentivize them to keep sufficient liquidity.
Order book DEXes don’t have traditional liquidity pools, thus their fees are lower.

Furthermore, the order book prices are more accurate compared to AMMs: market makers constantly rebalance the liquidity according to the index price sourced from several centralized and decentralized exchanges.
If the liquidity is deep, the execution of a large order will not result in the price fluctuation as it happens on AMM DEXes that calculate the price depending on the amount of paired tokens in the liquidity pool.

Built on Nervos Godwoken

Nervos Godwoken was the obvious choice, the EVM compatible layer 2 built on Nervos Layer 1. Godwoken provides instant transaction finality with low fees and a completely Ethereum compatible environment
on Nervos that’s being built will allow us to be a leading exchange platform with low transaction costs and fast transaction speed.

NevDEX is a community lead project.Through open-sourcing the project, we are making NevDEX accessible to all interested developers, security auditors and the whole community.

We plan to launch the DEX on Godwoken Testnet in Aug 2022. This early testnet release includes the basic features essential for order book trading:

- Order book
- Matching engine
- Market and limit orders

While more information regarding our tokenomics and token distribution will be released soon. Stay tuned for the next updates.

Join NevDEX’s community:

Twitter — https://twitter.com/NevDEX_

Discord — https://discord.gg/wBAHdkQUj7

XP Network Finishes Integrating its NFT Bridge on Nervos to Initiate the First Interoperable Creator Economy

XP Network integrates its powerful cross-chain NFT bridge to further Nervos' goal of becoming a platform for universal and interoperable applications.
The NFT bridge connects together a wide range of EVM and non-EVM chains. XP has now added support for Godwoken, a L2 network built on Nervos.

Nervos Network offers a robust platform for universal applications. More recently, the Nervos Network has been developing a rich NFT ecosystem consisting of several marketplaces and products driven by content creators and providers.
Thanks to the latest integration with the powerful XP Network NFT bridge, the NFT ecosystem on Nervos can now go cross-chain.
Using XP Network's JavaScript API library, users can connect any dApp, chain, or NFT collection to not only tap into the multi-chain NFT ecosystem but start creating the first interoperable NFT ecosystem, connecting major chains like Ethereum, Polygon, Solana, and more.
The bridge enables cross-chain marketplaces, NFT-based games, and cross-chain DeFi.
It offers a range of possibilities, such as controlling an NFT on Nervos that lives on another chain, transferring NFTs with their original smart contract logic, and allowing users to select the token they'd like to use to transact on the network.
This is incredibly convenient for NFT users in EVM-based environments who can control their NFT natively, directly from Nervos.

The bridge has been built to satisfy the needs of different users on the Nervos Network and offers a compact solution for NFT transactions, the first of its kind.
Now, NFT users on Nervos can use the bridge's user interface to transact and trade.
All users, such as NFT owners, traders, investors, collectors, and artistic content creators, can seamlessly control NFTs from the user interface.

Nervos developers can utilise the JavaScript library to create the first real cross-chain games.
Players spread across blockchains can use Godwoken's design to seamlessly play games with users on other networks through the XP Network bridge.
Those creating and maintaining cross-chain marketplaces can save a ton on expenditures and developer hours by using the ever-growing JS library which allows users to purchase NFTs from any chain while paying for the assets and the transaction fees with the token of their choice.
In addition, NFT projects which prefer global over local presence can expose freshly minted collections to hundreds of communities at once as the bridge widens the reach of their NFTs.

For wrapped NFTs to be considered "native" on foreign chains, they must be minted according to the standard of the target chains. The XP Network NFT Bridge is the sole NFT gateway for several chains (Elrond, Algorand, Tezos, Velas, Fuse to name a few).
The bridge converts native NFTs of the departure chain to the corresponding standards on the destination chain (for example: the ERC-721 standard for EVM-based blockchains). XP Network aims to become the one-stop solution for the global NFT ecosystem.

Xdaoapp deployed to Godwoken on Nervos



What is XDAO?
Taking a look at their mission statement it says;

“XDAO is a smart DAOtooling for crypto entrepreneurs. Its currently supported by 25 blockchains”

“Build your DAO by contributing only time to your consultations”

XDAO Pro is a consulting service for creating unique DAOs exclusively to the client's desires. We help to work out all the specifics of the organisation, tokenomics, and the development of additional one-of-a-kind modules.

Want to create a DAO and don't know how to start? Its probable that you have a specific request for your DAO, but building it on your own can take a long time to research and develop, even with existing DAO builders.
With XDAO Pro, you will get the product by contributing your time only to consultation. We provide legal and technical support throughout the creating process and after the launch.

With XDAO, you can count upon experts to guide you.

- We will do all the work after the consultation, and consider all your requests.

- XDAO provides technical support for your DAO after the launch.

- Dependent on your economic model, we provide legal support to your project.

- We can arrange training for your employees on how to manage your DAO.

- Setting up one-of-a-kind modules and connect them to your existing DAO is possible.

- Aid in the creation of a DAO workflow with the connection to different managing tools.

- Developing a personal UI for your DAO.

- Altering your project governance to be decentralised.

What can it be used for? Well XDAO says this:

- Trust Management

-Venture investments

- Hedgefunds

- Gaming guild and NFT funds

- Project money management

- Charity funds

How do I get started?

You can head to this page below where you fill out our form before booking an advisory, or let our manager help you fill it on consultation.

Get ready to answer our questions about your DAO. We may need more than one consultation to provide you with the best result.

We will provide legal and technical support for your DAO, and consider the economic model of your project.

https://www.xdao.app/pro

Check out the site for more information fellow Nervos fans.

.bit Raises $13M Series A Funding to Build Cross-chain Decentralized Identity Protocol

On the first anniversary of launching .bit, we are excited to announce that .bit has closed $13 million in a Series A funding round from CMB International, HashKey Capital, QingSong Fund, GSR Ventures, GGV Capital, and SNZ.

.bit, an open-sourced decentralized identity protocol built on the blockchain, is committed to providing permissionless and irrevocable decentralized identity for individual users and DAOs,
establishing the awareness of identity sovereignty around the world. With the joint effort from the development team and the community during the past year, .bit has achieved a breakthrough from 0 to 1 and reached rapid growth for both user and active developer communities. So far, more than 38k independent addresses have registered for more than 110k .bit accounts, and nearly 100 mainstream wallets and Dapps have integrated with .bit (please check here).

Users have never really controlled or even owned our identity online or offline. In Web2 world, social accounts used to present who we are or how we relate with others are stored on centralized tech giants,
who can easily revoke or tamper with the data. Platforms can block our accounts at any time, refuse to provide services, and thus remove users from their own social graphs.

According to World Bank, nearly one billion people in the world have no form of legal identity, meaning they cannot prove who they are,
not able to obtain basic national healthcare or benefits, not able to accept fair education, and not able to own suffrage rights. The exclusion of these people from access to legal identification is one of the most crucial global human rights challenges.

The emergence of blockchain technology, with the permissionless and irrevocable features, makes it possible for us to truly own and control our data and identities.
Permissionless means that we can own an identity on the blockchain at any time, and no one can stop us; Irrevocability means that no one can erase the identity we already have. We will thus realize identity sovereignty, both as individuals and as organizations.

We are excited and confident to be a part of the challenging work of building the infrastructure for Web3 identity protocol.

To construct the leading decentralized identity system and expand the adoption of the decentralized identity, .bit team will apply the funds and resources to the following areas:

Cross-chain
We believe that Web3 is not only about blockchain, and blockchain is not only about one specific public chain. As Web3 citizens, we need a cross-chain unified decentralized identity solution.
What makes .bit stand out from its competitors is a combination of cross-chain feature and cryptographic level security.
It means any public chain or even non-blockchain users can adopt .bit as their decentralized identities and switch their accounts among chains.

.bit has supported Ethereum, Tron, Binance Smart Chain, Nervos CKB, and Polygon. In the future, .bit will cover all mainstream public chains such as Bitcoin, Dogecoin, Polkadot, Solana, etc., as well as software and hardware devices that support asymmetric encryption algorithms.

Cross-culture
The world is culturally diverse with multiple languages and writing systems. People should be able to register their decentralized identities with the languages they prefer for daily use.
However, similar characters shared among different writing systems provide possibilities for fraud.

.bit Team is committed to the challenging task of supporting all the writing systems in the world while preventing scams and frauds as much as possible,
so that users from different cultures in the world can own reliable decentralized identities and get equal chance to enter Web3 ecosystem safely.

Cross-verse
Cryptocurrency transfer, decentralized domain resolution, personal profile display, etc. are only parts of the usage scenarios of .bit.
As an identity protocol, .bit could be widely used as membership and credential management for DAOs, brands and IPs, celebrities and fans, clubs and communities, etc.

.bit is a unified identity for users to take into different spaces including centralized and decentralized applications.
The team will build a series of robust tools to help all types of application developers to integrate with .bit easily, which ultimately provides users with an exceptional experience.

Upcoming Features
NameDAO
To encourage people with different cultural backgrounds to use decentralized identity and improve cultural diversity in Web3, we initiate the concept of NameDAO.
By handing over a portion of the .bit protocol revenue to the DAOs, the team aims to motivate more people around the world to spread their culture and better access Web3 through NameDAO.

Visit https://namedao.xyz for more information.

Sub-account
We encourage you to issue sub-accounts to DAO members, brand adopters, fans, etc., to strengthen the bonding within communities in a Web3 style.

Visit https://www.did.id/sub-account for more information.

4-9 digits account available to 100%; open up 3 digits account
We always insist on gradually increasing the availability of .bit accounts as the global influence of the project expands.
Such a strategy brought an unsatisfactory registration experience to users to some extent, but it also reflects our determination to launch .bit in a fair way.

Now, .bit has integrated with the leading wallets and Dapps, and the community is growing strong and active. We think it is time to further lower the threshold for registering accounts.

We will announce the specific rules on the official Twitter @dotbitHQ very soon.

Covalent Integrates with Nervos Network to Increase Transparency of On-Chain Data

Covalent, a Web3 data provider and Unified API Key creator is integrating with the Nervos Network. The new partnership between Covalent and Nervos is essential in transforming the Web3 data experience,
making the information needed to power decentralized applications more accessible to projects and developers. Currently,
 Covalent sources data from 35+ blockchains to provide its industry-leading Unified API Key, which can access balances, positions, historical granular transaction data, and more.

“Covalent came to life amid a bear market with the mission of building the most comprehensive blockchain data ecosystem via our Unified API,” said Ganesh Swami, CEO and co-founder at Covalent.
“Since then, over 3,000 projects have been able to use and build with our API. The Covalent API makes indexing and organizing blockchain data a process that can take enormous amounts of time, simpler and less time-consuming.
As we continue to innovate and expand the Web3 space, projects that allow developers and creators accessible solutions are more critical now than ever.”

“We recognize that the Web3 space is not always the simplest or the most user friendly,” said Terry Tai, CEO of the Nervos Foundation.
“For Web3 to become mainstream, and for mass adoption to occur, users have to be able to understand and engage with various platforms and applications.
As part of our vision, we are thrilled to partner with Covalent to make the mission of simplifying Web3 possible.
Nervos Network’s integration with Covalent’s Unified API provides a time efficient solution and reduces workflow complexity,
which will help developers shift their focus towards building innovative technologies that will truly expand the Web3 space.”

Querying on-chain information from the Nervos Layer 2 solution, Godwoken, will follow an intuitive, user-friendly process:
users will only need to specify the relevant chain ID when calling the APIs that Covalent users are already familiar with.

The Covalent Unified API grants access to popular data points for the Godwoken Chain including:

- Token balances for an address
- Historical portfolio value of an address over time
- ERC20 token transfers of an address
- All NFT token IDs of a collection
- Decentralized exchange liquidity pools of an address
- Decentralized exchange transactions of an address
- To learn more about Covalent visit covalenthq.com or follow =https://twitter.com/covalent_hq@Covalent_HQ on Twitter.
To learn more about Nervos, visit https://www.nervos.org/ or follow @NervosNetwork on Twitter.

About Covalent
Covalent provides the industry-leading Unified API bringing visibility to billions of Web3 data points.
Developers use Covalent to build exciting multi-chain applications like crypto wallets, NFT galleries, and investor dashboard tools utilizing data from 35+ blockchains.
Covalent is trusted by a community of 32,000+ developers and powers data for 3000+ applications including 0x, Zerion, Rainbow Wallet, Rotki, Bitski and many others.

Dot.Bit Project

Why assets on CKB can be managed by BTC address
First, this is not "cross-chain"
Cross-chain usually means assets are locked on chain A and corresponding assets are created on chain B. In fact, assets on Nervos CKB will not appear on BTC, nor assets on BTC will appear on Nervos CKB.
Nervos CKB is simply compatible with any public chain's account (address) system.

Understanding from a non-technical perspective
Let's make some analogies by comparing a public chain to a country, and the address of the chain to the resident ID of the country.

1. ETH public chain --> United States
2. ETH address --> U.S. ID card
3. BTC public chain --> United Kingdom
4. BTC Address --> UK ID
5. Nervos CKB Public Chain --> Country C
6. Nervos CKB Address --> Country C ID

Currently, a resident must have a U.S. ID to hold and manage assets in the U.S., which is the same in the UK. The two countries do not recognize each other's national IDs.

However, for Nervos CKB, a new C country, not only residents with C country IDs but residents from other countries can hold assets here as long as they provide valid IDs elsewhere.

To further explain, a BTC user sending assets issued on the Nervos CKB in a BTC wallet can be regarded as a U.S. resident selling his or her home in Country C with a valid U.S. ID. And this process is officially recognized by country C (verified by the Nervos CKB node).

Technical Understanding
Nervos CKB is compatible with BTC's account system, which means that Nervos CKB is a chain that verifies the signature of a BTC private key on a Nervos CKB transaction.

Normally speaking:

1. The BTC chain can only verify the signature of a BTC private key to a BTC transaction, so does ETH. When the signature is verified and the transaction is on chain, users can control their BTC assets with their own BTC private keys.
2. At the same time, the signature algorithm of the BTC/ETH chain is fixed, and the program logic of the signature verification process is also predetermined. Adding a new signature algorithm will cause the hard fork of the entire chain.

However, Nervos CKB has some new features:

1. Adding a new signature algorithm to a Nervos CKB chain will not cause CKB to hard fork. The new signature algorithm will be installed on the Nervos CKB like a plug-in.
2. Anyone can deploy any signature algorithm on a Nervos CKB at anytime(it's just a binary program).
3. Users can specify which signature algorithm needed to be invoked to verify the transaction on the Nervos CKB.
4. When Nervos CKB nodes package the transaction, it then runs the particular signature algorithm to verify the transaction. When the checksum is passed, the transaction will be uploaded on chain.

That's why users can install the BTC signature algorithm on Nervos CKB and make sure that the node must invoke the BTC signature algorithm to perform the checksum when packaging the transaction(which is generally a transfer of fungible or non-fungible tokens).
After the verification is passed, the transaction is uploaded on chain and the assets transfer is completed, which means users control their Nervos CKB assets with their BTC private keys.

For the same reason we can install any public chain's signature algorithms on Nervos CKB and any public chain address is able to hold assets issued on Nervos CKB.

Such an elegant "cross-chain" approach was inspired by the Lay2 team. The PW-SDK they built is the infrastructure of the Nervos ecosystem and is the core of how .bit accounts can be held by any public chain address. ❤

Get your dot.bit address on did.id

Introducing Jioswap.Finance — A new multi-chain AMM & cross-chain bridge for stablecoins and pegged crypto assets on Nervos Network.

Jioswap a hybrid function market-making protocol (HFMM), specifically designed to save users money by enabling low-slippage trading of stable coins & pegged crypto assets,
while allowing liquidity providers to earn passively via trading fees, yield farming and staking.

With Nervos Network built as a multi layer system, this was the obvious starting point in establishing interoperability while,
Leveraging its Layer 2 chain; GodWoken to solve some of the issues and pain points, users currently face in the Web3 & Defi ecosystem.
With the launch of GodWoken’s Mainnet around the corner, Jioswap has positioned itself as an anchor in providing a suite of cross-chain tools for the Nervos ecosystem.

Building for the future
Jioswap aims to create a suite of cross-chain tools starting with the jio-bridge and the jio cross-chain swap, which will enable transactions between Nervos GodWoken and numerous supported L1 & L2 chains such as Etheruem,
BSC, Arbitrum , Aurora, Meter, Oasis, Fantom and other chains always in the works. Cross-chain bridges enable users to send, swap and receive assets across numerous networks, seamlessly.

How’s jioswap different from other AMMs?
If a DeFi user is looking to swap $100,000 USDC to USDT , considering there’s sufficient amount of liquidity to do so. Using the traditional AMM such as Sushiswap, PancakeSwap, yokai swap etc.
The minimum you’d receive would be roughly $98165.8 USDT and maximum would be around $98656.6 losing $1343.40 to $1834.2 in value. If you were to use Jioswap instead, you’d receive $99,849.8269 — almost zero slippage.
Jio’s protocol is specifically designed for pegged assets, and as a result, it is much more efficient than an AMM such as Sushiswap that is not optimized to do so.



The big question : When $JIO Token? Soon token!

Find out more by Joining the community and getting involved:

Discord: https://discord.gg/cXgH4BW7EB

Twitter: https://twitter.com/jioswap

Website: https://jioswap.finance

Telegram: https://t.me/jio_ann

Github: https://github.com/jioswap

Encentive a Web3 OS Receives a Nervos Infrastructure Grant
New York, July 27, 2022– — Encentive has received a grant from the Nervos foundation to integrate Encentive’s turn-key, multi-chain dApp building platform with the Nervos Layer 2 “Godwoken”.

The Encentive Web3 OS deployment on the Ethereum-equivalent Godwoken mainnet will extend capabilities to community leaders, influencers, and enterprises who use Encentive to instantly create and customize modules for their own DeFi apps.
Encentive’s Web3 OS capabilities include farming, staking, NFT market places, GameFi, OTC, and more. With these tools community leaders can dramatically increase the empowerment and growth potential of the communities they serve.

Encentive enables anyone with a community following to create a DEX overnight on many chains at once and customize the DEX’s properties to best serve and incentivize their community.
Now that this capability has been extended to the Nervos Layer 2, it opens a wide range of brand new DeFi opportunities for the larger Nervos community and beyond.

The infrastructure initiative with Nervos is a critical extension of Encentive’s Web3 OS, adding momentum to Encentive’s core mission to help users and organizations to incentivise their communities with powerful Web3 applications,
including sophisticated DeFi marketplace tools such as staked and farmed trading pairs, customized liquidity provider fees, native tokens & NFTs, airdrop functions, and user referral rewards.
Encentive’s robust cross-chain capability includes pioneering work with Alchemy Pay to offer fiat-to-crypto on/off ramps, allowing users to seamlessly employ DeFi functions that require crypto transactions from their wallet addresses as well as credit card payment options.

Godwoken is the first Layer 2 network built on the Nervos Common Knowledge Base (CKB). The Ethereum-equivalent optimistic rollup solution enables projects building across a variety of sectors,
including DeFi, gaming, and NFTs, to easily create or quickly port their dApps while using familiar Ethereum development tools.

As the Encentive and Nervos ecosystems deepen their integration, a leading model for application deployment and access will emerge, lowering barriers and accelerating the inevitable migration of Web2’s billions of users to Web3.

About Encentive
The Encentive Web3 OS enables code-free overnight deployment of peer-to-peer DeFi apps and marketplaces starting from a community of one, plus fiat/crypto on/off ramps.
Any individual or organization can establish the next great DeFi app or marketplace almost instantly, complete with farming and staking, fine-tuned to benefit and serve the governance needs and trading preferences of their own unique communities and missions.
The Encentive Web3 OS DeFi dApp Builder gives users the power to build their own core teams and communities around their own style of incentives, setting and adjusting transaction fees, stake-pool interest, referral rewards, governance protocols, and more.

Website: https://encentive.io

Dapp: https://app.encentive.io/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Encentive_io

Medium: https://medium.com/@encentive

About Nervos
The Nervos Common Knowledge Base (CKB) is the layer 1, proof of work, public permissionless blockchain protocol of the Nervos Network.
It allows any crypto-asset to be stored with the security, immutability, and permissionless nature of Bitcoin while enabling smart contracts and layer 2 scaling.
Its unique crypto-economic model is designed to better align the interests of users, developers, and miners as compared to first-generation blockchains.

Website: https://www.nervos.org/

Discord: https://discord.com/invite/nervos

Twitter: https://twitter.com/NervosNetwork

Medium: https://medium.com/nervosnetwork/

Nervos Supports Apple Passkey Feature, Speeding Up the Passwordless Era

Apple announced at this year’s Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) that passwordless login will be available in September for Mac, iPhone, iPad, and Apple TV.
Users will no longer use passwords to log in to websites and apps on iOS 16 and MacOS Ventura, instead using Passkeys.

“To make a passkey, just use Touch ID or Face ID to authenticate, and you’re done,’’ and passkeys can’t be phished, said Darin Adler, VP of Internet Technologies at Apple,
who made the announcement at the keynote. When you login to this website again, the passkey allows you to authenticate your identity by using your biometrics rather than typing in a password.

This is the first major shift in the real world to eliminate passwords.

So, why is “passwordless login” so important?

The Unreliability of Passwords
Living in the era of the Internet, we are all used to the login form of “account + password”. As Internet applications and services become more and more ubiquitous, we have naturally created more and more accounts and passwords.

Although there is excellent password management software like 1Password on the market, only a small percentage of us use them, and most individuals are still used to remembering their own passwords.
Users spend 10.9 hours each year typing and/or resetting passwords, according to a Yubico survey in 2019, costing companies an average of $5.2 million per year.

Another reality is that some people are so careless that they use overly simple passwords or use the same password for many Internet services.



Top 200 most common passwords, source: https://nordpass.com/most-common-passwords-list/

Overly simple passwords allow hackers to take advantage of them, and using the same password for many Internet services makes it possible for a user to login to one hacked service and have their password compromised across a number of applications.

Furthermore, even industrial giants are vulnerable to massive data breaches. Here are a few examples:

- In 2013, Adobe said hackers had stolen nearly 3 million encrypted customer credit card records, as well as login data for an undetermined number of Adobe user accounts.
- In 2014, eBay suffered a significant data breach that exposed the personal information of around 145 million users, including usernames, email addresses, home addresses, phone numbers, and birthdays.
- In 2014, Yahoo was attacked and user information of 500 million users, including names, email addresses, telephone numbers, birth dates, encrypted passwords and in some cases, security questions, was stolen.
- In 2016, six databases that were owned by Friend Finder Networks suffered a massive data breach, which exposed more than 412 million accounts.
- In 2021, personal information, including phone numbers and full names, of more than 500 million Facebook users was leaked online by hackers.

Passkey: The More Secure Passwordless Login
Back in 2009, Validity Sensors and PayPal discussed using biometrics for identification of online users instead of passwords at a meeting. The meeting inspired the idea of an industry standard designed around public key cryptography, enabling a passwordless login backed purely by local authentication.

In July 2012, the FIDO Alliance was founded and work on a passwordless authentication protocol began.

In 2019, FIDO Alliance and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) announced the Web Authentication (WebAuthn) specification as an official web standard. WebAuthn allows servers to register and authenticate users using public key cryptography instead of a password. From the user’s perspective, with WebAuthn only the following steps are required:

1. Enter username (or email address)
2. Click “Sign in”
3. Touch ID
4. Done


Source: https://www.hanko.io/blog/on-passkeys

Going deeper, “WebAuthn allows servers to integrate with the strong authenticators now built into devices, like Apple’s Touch ID. Instead of a password, a private-public keypair (known as a credential) is created for a website.
The private key is stored securely on the user’s device; a public key and randomly generated credential ID is sent to the server for storage. The server can then use that public key to authenticate the user’s identity.

The public key is not secret, because it is effectively useless without the corresponding private key. The fact that the server receives no secret has far-reaching implications for the security of users and organizations.
Databases are no longer as attractive to hackers, because the public keys aren’t useful to them.” (Learn more at: Guide to Web Authentication)

Therefore, WebAuthn perfectly combines biometrics and cryptography.

In March 2022, the FIDO Alliance published a whitepaper detailing a new concept called “multi-device FIDO credentials, or short “passkeys”, meaning that your secure login information will be available on multiple devices.
So,the passkey could also be called “synchronized WebAuthn credentials”.

Your devices will take care of passkey synchronization. Once the technology is released later this year, you will be able to use your passkeys on all devices that use the same iCloud account.
It functions as a modern cloud-synced password manager (e.g., iCloud Keychain or 1Password), just without the passwords. If you lose your device, you just power up a new one, and you’re back in.
Your passkeys will already be there and allow you to sign in to your services with Touch ID or Face ID straight away.

In short, passkeys are a replacement for passwords. They are faster to sign in with, easier to use, and much more secure.

Nervos CKB Supports Apple Passkey Feature
One of the reasons why the Internet has rapidly grown to its current size, taking into account both security and convenience, is the widespread use of cryptographic primitives.
For example, SubtleCrypto, an algorithm that almost exists in all browsers, can even be used in mini programs; WebAuthn, which became an official web standard in 2019,
makes the browser’s encryption as powerful as a hardware wallet while still maintaining a user friendly experience (as users can unlock using Touch ID, Face ID, etc.).

The user barrier for dApps can be considerably decreased if the blockchain can directly utilize the Internet’s cryptographic infrastructure,
rather than requiring users to download wallet plug-ins or applications and then go through the process of storing mnemonic phrases.

However, the cryptographic primitives supported by the mainstream blockchains are limited:
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/u0IgZ6oI-8xSDYuQQKzyWKynyrpvKJnhJuEU7yef7uSY153jE3G2fiLNT4S5DnTx2CBqJgX0KyHwnuDQVxFSjSmCyUh4H3lKyNhs1gULzqJtu-hppaGJUvOlv_KHP7mLP7xD7xmmIMT1Eg24Dg
The signature algorithms of these blockchains are incompatible with the encryption methods used in the infrastructure powering the Internet, therefore new infrastructure is required.

What makes Nervos CKB stand out is that the CKB-VM is abstract and does not contain any pre-compiled contracts to implement low-level functionality.
Even the default cryptographic primitives like the hash function Blake2b and the signature verification algorithm Secp256k1 are just smart contracts running in the virtual machine.
In other words, developers can select the cryptographic primitives in smart contracts by themselves and even use the existing Internet infrastructure directly, including the upcoming Passkey.

Therefore, we are proud to say that Nervos CKB may be the only public blockchain at present that supports the passkey feature.

What Will Passkey Bring to Nervos?
Assume we are a few months in the future, and passkeys are fully supported by Apple’s devices. So, what will Passkey bring to Nervos Network?

The answer is probably a lower barrier to entry for new users, a more user-friendly experience, and in turn, more users. 

Passkey is a piece of infrastructure, and realizing its full potential requires the involvement of developers.
We’ll use the cryptocurrency wallet as an example to show how this infrastructure lowers the barrier to entry for users, improves the user experience, and draws more Internet users into the Nervos ecosystem.

At the moment, non-custodial cryptocurrency wallets are still inextricably linked to mnemonics, public and private keys.
So it is quite troublesome for an Internet user who is used to signing in with Touch ID or Face ID to save 12-word or 24-word mnemonics on his own,
verify that the mnemonics are in the correct sequence, and he/she cannot capture screenshots or copy the mnemonics and send online.

Furthermore, the mnemonics might be leaked due to improper storage, resulting in the theft of crypto assets. Another situation that often occurs is the loss of mnemonics,
which means the wallet cannot be restored and crypto assets in the wallet cannot be withdrawn anymore.

With the support of Passkey, the private key (and mnemonics) can be securely concealed, never being revealed to users.
Therefore, users will be able to create a Nervos CKB wallet using Touch ID or Face ID after installing the wallet app.
They simply need to authorize with Touch ID or Face ID when creating transactions or interacting with smart contracts, which is highly convenient and safe.

If the user loses his/her smartphone or replaces it with a new one, they can log in to the same iCloud account on the new device, download the wallet app, and then restore the wallet using the Touch ID or Face ID.
The lost device cannot be cracked and the private key can never be exported, even if it is owned by a hacker.

Such cryptocurrency wallets have lower thresholds and a better user experience, and all operations are familiar to Internet users.

Wallets are the gateway for users to enter the blockchain world. With such a convenient and secure wallet, new things such as cryptocurrencies, DeFi, GameFi, and NFTs are much easier for billions of Internet users to access.

Of course, the possibilities of what Passkey will bring to Nervos Network and blockchains isn’t limited to this.
If you’re a developer who’s passionate about bringing blockchain to every Internet user, we welcome you to join the Build Club program and create more possibilities!

Nervos Network x Celer Network kick off a cross-chain partnership campaign

To celebrate a collaboration between Nervos Network and Celer Network, a cross-chain campaign, with a total prize pool of $1,500 in $CKB,
will take place for those that use the Celer cBridge to move funds from Ethereum to Nervos.

When will the contest be held?

The contest will run from 7/13/2022 2:00 AM UTC to 7/20/2022 2:00 AM UTC.

How to participate and what are the prizes?

All qualified addresses that use the Celer cBridge to move USDT, USDC, ETH, WBTC or DAI greater than $50 USD from Ethereum to the Nervos Layer 2 — Godwoken in the specified period of time can claim a mystery box NFT at the Project Galaxy.

For this campaign there are two different NFTs (regular ones or 1 of 30 special ones) that you can receive in your mystery box.
The 30 special ones will each receive $50 in $CKB (The prize amount will be calculated at the moment of the distribution of the prize OR another fixed date can be set for the total amount of tokens to be received by the winners).


Regular - Unlimited


Special - 30 limit

In order to claim a mystery box NFT, the $50 amount moved must be transacted on at least 1 unique address. For example,
if you have 5 addresses that share between them $50 moved from Ethereum to Nervos, you will NOT be qualified. If you transact $50 on only 1 address, you will be qualified.
Also note that if total transactions exceed $50 on 1 unique address, that will qualify you to claim a mystery box NFT.

When will the prizes be distributed?
The prize winners will be qualified by Celer and they will be notified publicly in a tweet from the Nervos Twitter account.
Winners will receive their prizes within 14 days after the event has ended.

If you have any questions please join our Official Telegram where our team would be happy to help.

About Nervos

The Nervos Network is a collection of protocols and public blockchain ecosystem aiming to solve the biggest challenges facing blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum today.

The Nervos Common Knowledge Base (CKB) is the layer 1, proof of work, public permissionless blockchain protocol of the Nervos Network.
It allows any crypto-asset to be stored with the security, immutability, and permissionless nature of Bitcoin while enabling smart contracts and layer 2 scaling.
Its unique crypto-economic model is designed to better align the interests of users, developers, and miners as compared to first-generation blockchains.

For more information on Nervos, visit www.nervos.org.

About Celer Network

Celer is a blockchain interoperability protocol enabling a one-click user experience accessing tokens, DeFi, GameFi, NFTs, governance, privacy solutions and more across multiple chains.
Developers can build inter-chain-native dApps using the Celer Inter-chain Message SDK to gain access to efficient liquidity utilization, coherent application logic, and shared states.
Users of Celer-enabled dApps will enjoy the benefits of a diverse multi-blockchain ecosystem with the simplicity of a single-transaction UX, all from a single chain.

Games from the #BlockJam2022 - GameJam are now live & ready to be played! 🎮

🕹️Play games here 👉 https://itch.io/jam/blockjam-2022/entries

Then make sure to create a free itch.io account to vote on your favourite games! 🗳️

Fell free to provide feedback in comments!

The Nervos Network Bulletin: June 2022



What Happened this Month?

June was an exciting month for Nervos as we headed to Consensus 2022, continued diving deeper on the upgrades on the Nervos Layer 1 – Mirana upgrade,
and most importantly of all launched the Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken. Make sure to read through some of our biggest accomplishments for the month!



Nervos Layer 2 Godwoken Launch!

On 29th June, Nervos launched the new and improved Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken. Over the course of the next few weeks, numerous dApps and projects will be launching on Godwoken.
It’s an exciting time as the future of Nervos ecosystem growth starts now!
Read more here: Article



Nervos at Consensus 2022!

On June 9th, Nervos arrived in Austin, Texas for Consensus 2022! Consensus was one of the most highly anticipated crypto conferences in the US with an estimated attendance of over 17K attendees.
Find out more about what our Nervos Team was up to in Texas!
Read more here: Article



Extensible Block Header Lands in the Nervos Layer 1

On May 10th the Nervos Layer 1 – Major Protocol Upgrade arrived. One of the new improvements made is the Extensible Block Header. The main promise of this feature is to enable solutions like Flyclient in the future. Find out more about the upgrade to Mirana!
Read more here: Article



Major Protocol Upgrade – Diving into CKB-VM V1

Find out more about the different upgrades we are making to Mirana! This article dives into a technical overview of the new CKB-VM v1 features from the CKB2021 hard fork.
Read more here: Article



Twitter Spaces Recap: Matt AMA Recap

We invited Matt Quinn, our Ecosystem Development Manager, to discuss the current state of the bear market, what developers should focus on to weather the storm,
the latest Nervos updates and live questions from the community. In case you’ve missed it, we have summarized the key points mentioned during the discussion.
Read more here: Article



Hashing it Out: Episode 2

In episode 2 of “Hashing it Out”, Jordan and Eric covered a broad spectrum of updates that included reflections on the launch of Nervos Layer 1 – Mirana Major Protocol Upgrade, a discussion about the upcoming new features for the Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken and details on one of the biggest developer focused programs Build Club.
Read more here: Article