[ANN][NOTE]DNotes - Celebrating DNotes 3rd Birthday - Forum Now Open - page 162.

DNotes

legendary

Activity: 1932

Merit: 1111

DNotes

Quote from: HORT on September 07, 2015, 07:30:47 AM

Things are looking good everyone. The first week of school is finished so back to a "normal" routine. I will be more present from now on. I received this in my email and wanted to share:

Bitwage    Connecting You to Financial Freedom

Hello,
I recently came across your contact information while I was researching Bitcoin enthusiasts.

I'd like to take the opportunity to tell you a little bit about Bitwage and our Payroll Solutions tailored for you---the individual:

BITCOIN PAYROLL INDIVIDUAL

Receive any percentage of your wage or salary in Bitcoin regardless of your employer signing up. No bank account required.

How it works:

   We give you a bank account number.

   You tell your employer or payroll provider to send your payroll to that bank account.

   You get Bitcoin Next Day after Deposit.

Simple right? We would love to hear from you if you are interested in our payroll solutions. You can learn more and sign up at https://www.bitwage.com. Please feel free to contact us at [email protected] so we can help you get set up to receive a bitcoin wage--your first "bitwage" from Bitwage!

Best,

Lily Baker
Account Manager

© Bitwage 2013-2015 | Unsubscribe

Bitwage, Inc.
60 Spear St. #1100, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA

Bitwage Ireland, Ltd.
Blair House, Upper O'Connell Street, Ennis, Co. Clare, Ireland

Anyone else receive such an email? I will look into it and ask about DNotes as well. This would be very beneficial to the non-technical user and we might be able to use this in conjunction with the CRISP for Employee Benefits. I will keep you posted.

Congrats Marc!

In the future, I expect many will be able to be paid in digital currency. It will help stimulate the ecosystem and drive liquidity. Bitwage has been around for a while, but it certainly would be helpful if they accepted DNotes. Thanks!

HORT

hero member

Activity: 508

Merit: 501

Things are looking good everyone. The first week of school is finished so back to a "normal" routine. I will be more present from now on. I received this in my email and wanted to share:

Bitwage    Connecting You to Financial Freedom

Hello,
I recently came across your contact information while I was researching Bitcoin enthusiasts.

I'd like to take the opportunity to tell you a little bit about Bitwage and our Payroll Solutions tailored for you---the individual:

BITCOIN PAYROLL INDIVIDUAL

Receive any percentage of your wage or salary in Bitcoin regardless of your employer signing up. No bank account required.

How it works:

   We give you a bank account number.

   You tell your employer or payroll provider to send your payroll to that bank account.

   You get Bitcoin Next Day after Deposit.

Simple right? We would love to hear from you if you are interested in our payroll solutions. You can learn more and sign up at https://www.bitwage.com. Please feel free to contact us at [email protected] so we can help you get set up to receive a bitcoin wage--your first "bitwage" from Bitwage!

Best,

Lily Baker
Account Manager

© Bitwage 2013-2015 | Unsubscribe

Bitwage, Inc.
60 Spear St. #1100, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA

Bitwage Ireland, Ltd.
Blair House, Upper O'Connell Street, Ennis, Co. Clare, Ireland

Anyone else receive such an email? I will look into it and ask about DNotes as well. This would be very beneficial to the non-technical user and we might be able to use this in conjunction with the CRISP for Employee Benefits. I will keep you posted.

matatyau-cohen

member

Activity: 72

Merit: 10

Hello friends,

I have an idea: let's raise among our community--- DNOTES donation--- to the refugees that streaming to Europe out of the destruction and combat fields. we can deliver this ---DNOTES donation--- to one of the assistance org on behalf our community and leading team name. this will light DNOTES's social feature and in addition might bring us some media spot. if this idea accepted, we can ask our each community's friend/member to contribute their part - collect it - and deliver. what is your opinion?

Quote from: Dyna on September 06, 2015, 09:18:51 PM

Quote from: Chase on September 06, 2015, 08:12:54 PM

Quote from: Dyna on September 06, 2015, 01:08:48 PM

Quote from: Chase on September 06, 2015, 11:50:31 AM

This article pre-dates the 2008-09 financial crisis and the dawn of bitcoin, but it gives you something to think about now that we are beginning the age of global digital currencies. I don't think a single worldwide currency will ever happen or is even a good idea, but I do think having the option of a global currency like DNotes is the best idea.

I haven't looked very far to see what the author thinks of bitcoin now, but he did make the usual comments (an article from 2013) about bitcoin's lack of trust, volatility, gambling, speculation, etc.

A Single Global Currency

"...US$400 billion of annual transaction and exchange costs will be eliminated" - The Single Global Currency (book)

"The book also argues that if we had a single global currency, worldwide assets would increase by about $36 trillion"

The article goes on to explain how a single currency would help eliminate global imbalances, crises and speculation, etc.

http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/58347.html

Here is my take. A single global currency is a bad idea and will not likely to happen. It will be way “too big to fail” and there is no conceivable scenario for the world population to allow that to happen.

A trusted global digital currency as an alternative to existing fiat currencies that is available for everyone worldwide to participate is a very different mission with starkly different ultimate goals. It is designed to be a choice for the world population to have an alternative, almost as an insurance policy, if 1) their own sovereign currency failed or devalued drastically due to bad governance or economic conditions beyond their control or whatever the case may be, 2) as a medium of exchange to conduct global commerce between two parties with nearly zero transaction cost anywhere worldwide, and 3) as an opportunity for anyone worldwide to participate for potentially high risk/high returns even with small regular savings for millions who normally have little left that is sufficiently meaningful to save.

Informed scholars and common reasonable people will agree that fiat currencies have always been abused by governments and political leadership around the world. It is not a new phenomenon. It has always been that way and will continue to be so. The open debate will be the intensity. It can get worse and it can get better. As a whole, on a global scale, it is more likely than not to get worse as political leaders continue to make more promises of hand-outs with the full knowledge of governments’ inability to fulfill the immense financial burdens accumulated over generations of irresponsible political leaderships.

Yes, a single world currency would be the ultimate in "too big to fail", and I'm sure we all agree, it's a bad idea. My interest in this story came from the fact that it pre-dates bitcoin and was wondering if the views of both authors would be different if there had been viable global digital currencies at the time. Governments will never give up control of their fiat currency, but a stable, trusted global digital currency could help with some of problems the authors are claiming a single world currency could fix.

If I ever find some spare time, I would also like to read the book just to hear the author's view and see how digital currency might change it.

That could be an interesting book to read. The fact that it pre-dates Bitcoin makes it even more impressive. When we are ready to write a book on how much money could be saved in global commerce if DNotes gained mass acceptance worldwide, that figure will be many times larger than the US$400 billion. It is ironic, that we are actually designing the necessary building blocks to make that happen. Moreover, quite a few of those building blocks have already been laid. Frankly, there are not too many original ideas anymore. They evolve, refined and get better.

matatyau-cohen

member

Activity: 72

Merit: 10

Hello friends,

I have an idea: let's raise among our community--- DNOTES donation--- to the refugees that streaming to Europe out of the destruction and combat fields. we can deliver this ---DNOTES donation--- to one of the assistance org on behalf our community and leading team name. this will light DNOTES's social feature and in addition might bring us some media spot. if this idea accepted, we can ask our each community's friend/member to contribute their part - collect it - and deliver. what is your opinion?

This article pre-dates the 2008-09 financial crisis and the dawn of bitcoin, but it gives you something to think about now that we are beginning the age of global digital currencies. I don't think a single worldwide currency will ever happen or is even a good idea, but I do think having the option of a global currency like DNotes is the best idea.

I haven't looked very far to see what the author thinks of bitcoin now, but he did make the usual comments (an article from 2013) about bitcoin's lack of trust, volatility, gambling, speculation, etc.

A Single Global Currency

"...US$400 billion of annual transaction and exchange costs will be eliminated" - The Single Global Currency (book)

"The book also argues that if we had a single global currency, worldwide assets would increase by about $36 trillion"

The article goes on to explain how a single currency would help eliminate global imbalances, crises and speculation, etc.

http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/58347.html
[/quote]
Here is my take. A single global currency is a bad idea and will not likely to happen. It will be way “too big to fail” and there is no conceivable scenario for the world population to allow that to happen.

A trusted global digital currency as an alternative to existing fiat currencies that is available for everyone worldwide to participate is a very different mission with starkly different ultimate goals. It is designed to be a choice for the world population to have an alternative, almost as an insurance policy, if 1) their own sovereign currency failed or devalued drastically due to bad governance or economic conditions beyond their control or whatever the case may be, 2) as a medium of exchange to conduct global commerce between two parties with nearly zero transaction cost anywhere worldwide, and 3) as an opportunity for anyone worldwide to participate for potentially high risk/high returns even with small regular savings for millions who normally have little left that is sufficiently meaningful to save.

Informed scholars and common reasonable people will agree that fiat currencies have always been abused by governments and political leadership around the world. It is not a new phenomenon. It has always been that way and will continue to be so. The open debate will be the intensity. It can get worse and it can get better. As a whole, on a global scale, it is more likely than not to get worse as political leaders continue to make more promises of hand-outs with the full knowledge of governments’ inability to fulfill the immense financial burdens accumulated over generations of irresponsible political leaderships.

[/quote]

Yes, a single world currency would be the ultimate in "too big to fail", and I'm sure we all agree, it's a bad idea. My interest in this story came from the fact that it pre-dates bitcoin and was wondering if the views of both authors would be different if there had been viable global digital currencies at the time. Governments will never give up control of their fiat currency, but a stable, trusted global digital currency could help with some of problems the authors are claiming a single world currency could fix.

If I ever find some spare time, I would also like to read the book just to hear the author's view and see how digital currency might change it.
[/quote]

That could be an interesting book to read. The fact that it pre-dates Bitcoin makes it even more impressive. When we are ready to write a book on how much money could be saved in global commerce if DNotes gained mass acceptance worldwide, that figure will be many times larger than the US$400 billion. It is ironic, that we are actually designing the necessary building blocks to make that happen. Moreover, quite a few of those building blocks have already been laid. Frankly, there are not too many original ideas anymore. They evolve, refined and get better.
[/quote]

Dyna

legendary

Activity: 1610

Merit: 1060

Quote from: Chase on September 06, 2015, 08:12:54 PM

Quote from: Dyna on September 06, 2015, 01:08:48 PM

Quote from: Chase on September 06, 2015, 11:50:31 AM

This article pre-dates the 2008-09 financial crisis and the dawn of bitcoin, but it gives you something to think about now that we are beginning the age of global digital currencies. I don't think a single worldwide currency will ever happen or is even a good idea, but I do think having the option of a global currency like DNotes is the best idea.

I haven't looked very far to see what the author thinks of bitcoin now, but he did make the usual comments (an article from 2013) about bitcoin's lack of trust, volatility, gambling, speculation, etc.

A Single Global Currency

"...US$400 billion of annual transaction and exchange costs will be eliminated" - The Single Global Currency (book)

"The book also argues that if we had a single global currency, worldwide assets would increase by about $36 trillion"

The article goes on to explain how a single currency would help eliminate global imbalances, crises and speculation, etc.

http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/58347.html

Here is my take. A single global currency is a bad idea and will not likely to happen. It will be way “too big to fail” and there is no conceivable scenario for the world population to allow that to happen.

A trusted global digital currency as an alternative to existing fiat currencies that is available for everyone worldwide to participate is a very different mission with starkly different ultimate goals. It is designed to be a choice for the world population to have an alternative, almost as an insurance policy, if 1) their own sovereign currency failed or devalued drastically due to bad governance or economic conditions beyond their control or whatever the case may be, 2) as a medium of exchange to conduct global commerce between two parties with nearly zero transaction cost anywhere worldwide, and 3) as an opportunity for anyone worldwide to participate for potentially high risk/high returns even with small regular savings for millions who normally have little left that is sufficiently meaningful to save.

Informed scholars and common reasonable people will agree that fiat currencies have always been abused by governments and political leadership around the world. It is not a new phenomenon. It has always been that way and will continue to be so. The open debate will be the intensity. It can get worse and it can get better. As a whole, on a global scale, it is more likely than not to get worse as political leaders continue to make more promises of hand-outs with the full knowledge of governments’ inability to fulfill the immense financial burdens accumulated over generations of irresponsible political leaderships.

Yes, a single world currency would be the ultimate in "too big to fail", and I'm sure we all agree, it's a bad idea. My interest in this story came from the fact that it pre-dates bitcoin and was wondering if the views of both authors would be different if there had been viable global digital currencies at the time. Governments will never give up control of their fiat currency, but a stable, trusted global digital currency could help with some of problems the authors are claiming a single world currency could fix.

If I ever find some spare time, I would also like to read the book just to hear the author's view and see how digital currency might change it.

That could be an interesting book to read. The fact that it pre-dates Bitcoin makes it even more impressive. When we are ready to write a book on how much money could be saved in global commerce if DNotes gained mass acceptance worldwide, that figure will be many times larger than the US$400 billion. It is ironic, that we are actually designing the necessary building blocks to make that happen. Moreover, quite a few of those building blocks have already been laid. Frankly, there are not too many original ideas anymore. They evolve, refined and get better.

Chase

legendary

Activity: 1638

Merit: 1005

Quote from: Dyna on September 06, 2015, 01:08:48 PM

Quote from: Chase on September 06, 2015, 11:50:31 AM

This article pre-dates the 2008-09 financial crisis and the dawn of bitcoin, but it gives you something to think about now that we are beginning the age of global digital currencies. I don't think a single worldwide currency will ever happen or is even a good idea, but I do think having the option of a global currency like DNotes is the best idea.

I haven't looked very far to see what the author thinks of bitcoin now, but he did make the usual comments (an article from 2013) about bitcoin's lack of trust, volatility, gambling, speculation, etc.

A Single Global Currency

"...US$400 billion of annual transaction and exchange costs will be eliminated" - The Single Global Currency (book)

"The book also argues that if we had a single global currency, worldwide assets would increase by about $36 trillion"

The article goes on to explain how a single currency would help eliminate global imbalances, crises and speculation, etc.

http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/58347.html

Here is my take. A single global currency is a bad idea and will not likely to happen. It will be way “too big to fail” and there is no conceivable scenario for the world population to allow that to happen.

A trusted global digital currency as an alternative to existing fiat currencies that is available for everyone worldwide to participate is a very different mission with starkly different ultimate goals. It is designed to be a choice for the world population to have an alternative, almost as an insurance policy, if 1) their own sovereign currency failed or devalued drastically due to bad governance or economic conditions beyond their control or whatever the case may be, 2) as a medium of exchange to conduct global commerce between two parties with nearly zero transaction cost anywhere worldwide, and 3) as an opportunity for anyone worldwide to participate for potentially high risk/high returns even with small regular savings for millions who normally have little left that is sufficiently meaningful to save.

Informed scholars and common reasonable people will agree that fiat currencies have always been abused by governments and political leadership around the world. It is not a new phenomenon. It has always been that way and will continue to be so. The open debate will be the intensity. It can get worse and it can get better. As a whole, on a global scale, it is more likely than not to get worse as political leaders continue to make more promises of hand-outs with the full knowledge of governments’ inability to fulfill the immense financial burdens accumulated over generations of irresponsible political leaderships.

Yes, a single world currency would be the ultimate in "too big to fail", and I'm sure we all agree, it's a bad idea. My interest in this story came from the fact that it pre-dates bitcoin and was wondering if the views of both authors would be different if there had been viable global digital currencies at the time. Governments will never give up control of their fiat currency, but a stable, trusted global digital currency could help with some of problems the authors are claiming a single world currency could fix.

If I ever find some spare time, I would also like to read the book just to hear the author's view and see how digital currency might change it.

Dyna

legendary

Activity: 1610

Merit: 1060

Quote from: Chase on September 06, 2015, 11:50:31 AM

This article pre-dates the 2008-09 financial crisis and the dawn of bitcoin, but it gives you something to think about now that we are beginning the age of global digital currencies. I don't think a single worldwide currency will ever happen or is even a good idea, but I do think having the option of a global currency like DNotes is the best idea.

I haven't looked very far to see what the author thinks of bitcoin now, but he did make the usual comments (an article from 2013) about bitcoin's lack of trust, volatility, gambling, speculation, etc.

A Single Global Currency

"...US$400 billion of annual transaction and exchange costs will be eliminated" - The Single Global Currency (book)

"The book also argues that if we had a single global currency, worldwide assets would increase by about $36 trillion"

The article goes on to explain how a single currency would help eliminate global imbalances, crises and speculation, etc.

http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/58347.html

Here is my take. A single global currency is a bad idea and will not likely to happen. It will be way “too big to fail” and there is no conceivable scenario for the world population to allow that to happen.

A trusted global digital currency as an alternative to existing fiat currencies that is available for everyone worldwide to participate is a very different mission with starkly different ultimate goals. It is designed to be a choice for the world population to have an alternative, almost as an insurance policy, if 1) their own sovereign currency failed or devalued drastically due to bad governance or economic conditions beyond their control or whatever the case may be, 2) as a medium of exchange to conduct global commerce between two parties with nearly zero transaction cost anywhere worldwide, and 3) as an opportunity for anyone worldwide to participate for potentially high risk/high returns even with small regular savings for millions who normally have little left that is sufficiently meaningful to save.

Informed scholars and common reasonable people will agree that fiat currencies have always been abused by governments and political leadership around the world. It is not a new phenomenon. It has always been that way and will continue to be so. The open debate will be the intensity. It can get worse and it can get better. As a whole, on a global scale, it is more likely than not to get worse as political leaders continue to make more promises of hand-outs with the full knowledge of governments’ inability to fulfill the immense financial burdens accumulated over generations of irresponsible political leaderships.

DNotes

legendary

Activity: 1932

Merit: 1111

DNotes

Quote from: Chase on September 06, 2015, 11:50:31 AM

This article pre-dates the 2008-09 financial crisis and the dawn of bitcoin, but it gives you something to think about now that we are beginning the age of global digital currencies. I don't think a single worldwide currency will ever happen or is even a good idea, but I do think having the option of a global currency like DNotes is the best idea.

I haven't looked very far to see what the author thinks of bitcoin now, but he did make the usual comments (an article from 2013) about bitcoin's lack of trust, volatility, gambling, speculation, etc.

A Single Global Currency

"...US$400 billion of annual transaction and exchange costs will be eliminated" - The Single Global Currency (book)

"The book also argues that if we had a single global currency, worldwide assets would increase by about $36 trillion"

The article goes on to explain how a single currency would help eliminate global imbalances, crises and speculation, etc.

http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/58347.html

Great find Chase, I'd love to read the book when I have time.

DNotes

legendary

Activity: 1932

Merit: 1111

DNotes

Quote from: DNotes on September 06, 2015, 09:25:06 AM

Quote from: DNotes on September 05, 2015, 05:25:34 PM

Quote from: Dyna on September 05, 2015, 11:24:33 AM

Quote from: Chase on September 05, 2015, 11:00:12 AM

Speaking of banks...

Here comes another permissioned blockchain, so I have to ask; What happens when there is a quagmire (my favorite govt / bank word) of these blockchains because everyone wants their own? Will they work together or will it create chaos? There could be thousands of tokens around the world which would require conversion, etc. Sounds like fiat, but what do I know. lol

UBS to Develop Yet Another ‘Permissioned Blockchain’ for Banks

In April, Bitcoin Magazine reported that UBS was planning to investigate blockchain technology in a new innovation lab based in London. The innovation lab is located in Level39, Europe’s largest technology accelerator space for finance and cyber-securities, and focuses on exploring the role of blockchain technology in financial services.

UBS, a Swiss global financial services company with its headquarters in Basel and Zürich, is the biggest Swiss bank and is considered as the world’s largest manager of private wealth assets, with more than 2.2 trillion Swiss francs (CHF) in invested assets.

In August, the bank launched a “Future of Finance Challenge” for financial technology entrepreneurs and startups. The Future of Finance Challenge covers a broad range of emerging fintech areas, including blockchain technology and applications, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers, security and privacy verification and smart contracts.

Now, the blockchain vision and strategy of the giant Swiss bank are becoming clearer. UBS is working on a prototype virtual currency that it hopes will be used by banks and financial institutions as a basis to settle mainstream financial markets transactions, The Wall Street Journal reports.

The new virtual currency, dubbed “utility settlement coin,” would be used for post-trade settlements between financial institutions on private financial platforms built on blockchain technology. For example, UBS might have its own blockchain-based platform to issue bonds, and another bank might have a blockchain-based stock-trading platform, but both would use the same utility coin for settlement.

The bank doesn’t plan to issue the new digital coin itself but hopes to work with other banks, regulators and financial service providers for an industrywide product. Hyder Jaffrey, the bank’s e-commerce commercial director, said UBS had already reached out to potential partners, but would not comment on specific institutions.

The utility settlement coin is a “permissioned blockchain” similar to the Bankchain project recently announced by Bitcoin exchange itBit. Permissioned blockchains, also endorsed by Accenture and Digital Asset Holdings CEO Blythe Masters, are the new trend in Wall Street’s uneasy flirtation with Bitcoin. Basically, permissioned blockchains would offer the advantages of digital currencies powered by public blockchain – fast and cheap transactions permanently recorded in a shared ledger – without the troublesome openness of the Bitcoin network where anyone can be a node on the network anonymously.

Using the utility settlement coin or similar systems, financial institutions could settle trades in seconds rather than days, which could lead to reduced risk, lower operational costs, and increased efficiency. To achieve this vision, UBS is partnering with blockchain fintech startup Clearmatics, based in London. The key difference between Clearmatics’ implementation of the blockchain technology and Bitcoin is the fact that only authorized participants can validate transactions. “Unlike cryptocurrency blockchains, validators are authenticated and legally accountable,” states the Clearmatics website.

A recent post on the Clearmatics website, titled “No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement,” provides a point-by-point analysis of the original Bitcoin whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto from the point of view of the financial establishment, and a clear outline of the reasons why banks and mainstream financial institutions won’t touch permissionless blockchain networks like Bitcoin.

“To serve as a replacement for the legacy technology implementing registered, book-entry assets, a distributed ledger of financial assets will have to ensure a tight correspondence between what the ledger and the law say is the state of who-owns-what,” notes the post. “This is obviously incompatible with a protocol based on anonymous transaction validators; the law will not treat a ledger record as authoritative if everyone knows that the current longest chain contains blocks generated by an anonymous attacker who replaced a bit of history that was chronologically prior. But the bitcoin protocol has no mechanism for dealing with this scenario, no mechanism for bringing ledger state and legal state back into alignment.”

According to the company, Clearmatics’ permissioned blockchain infrastructure is not only “thousands of times more efficient” than the Bitcoin network, but also places a governance structure over the validators to ensure resistance to attacks.

The Wall Steet Journal article wisely mentions critiques to UBS’ approach and permissioned blockchains in general. In particular, former Bitcoin Foundation director Jon Matonis is persuaded that private, permissioned blockchains might fall short of their objectives. “It could end up being very similar to centralized payments networks we have right now, without the benefit of the network effect of bitcoin,” he said.

https://bitcoinmagazine.com/21851/ubs-develop-yet-another-permissioned-blockchain-banks/

"quagmire!!!.........!!!" Get ready. Expect hundreds of different "permission tokens" Confused already. They will be a lot more to come. Those who truly believe in DECENTRALIZED Digital Currency must not allow our voice to be drown out.

It will be very interesting to see how this will play out.

I've been reading through the "No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement" article. Pretty long, haven't gotten through it yet.
http://www.clearmatics.com/2015/05/no-bitcoin-is-not-the-future-of-securities-settlement/

Much of the article talks about vulnerabilities we already know, 51% attack and changing transaction history, anyone can run a node etc... Newer developments make that much more difficult like KGW.

I haven't formulated a conclusive opinion as to whether I think the permissioned blockchains would be a better approach for banks to settle internal transactions. I'm sure they could have a solution where nodes are specifically permitted on the network, but wouldn't the nodes themselves be vulnerable to attack creating a bigger security issue than 51% attack or now be vulnerable to internal corruption?

Thinking through this could be beneficial to DNotes one day, but it is a very complicated issue. Think about how long and how many people it took to come up with bitcoin's solution. I don't know what kind of effort they have already put into this solution, but I'm hesitant to conclude anything.

Peer to peer transactions, for everyone else and public use, a public free market blockchain is still, in my opinion, the best option.

By the way, DNotes is a relatively small network compared to Bitcoin, but when I rebuilt one of my nodes the other day we had about 50 active nodes I connected to and about 10,000 unique IP's that are in the peer list. This is part of the strength of an open peer network.

Chase

legendary

Activity: 1638

Merit: 1005

This article pre-dates the 2008-09 financial crisis and the dawn of bitcoin, but it gives you something to think about now that we are beginning the age of global digital currencies. I don't think a single worldwide currency will ever happen or is even a good idea, but I do think having the option of a global currency like DNotes is the best idea.

I haven't looked very far to see what the author thinks of bitcoin now, but he did make the usual comments (an article from 2013) about bitcoin's lack of trust, volatility, gambling, speculation, etc.

A Single Global Currency

"...US$400 billion of annual transaction and exchange costs will be eliminated" - The Single Global Currency (book)

"The book also argues that if we had a single global currency, worldwide assets would increase by about $36 trillion"

The article goes on to explain how a single currency would help eliminate global imbalances, crises and speculation, etc.

http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/58347.html

DNotes

legendary

Activity: 1932

Merit: 1111

DNotes

Quote from: DNotes on September 05, 2015, 05:25:34 PM

Quote from: Dyna on September 05, 2015, 11:24:33 AM

Quote from: Chase on September 05, 2015, 11:00:12 AM

Speaking of banks...

Here comes another permissioned blockchain, so I have to ask; What happens when there is a quagmire (my favorite govt / bank word) of these blockchains because everyone wants their own? Will they work together or will it create chaos? There could be thousands of tokens around the world which would require conversion, etc. Sounds like fiat, but what do I know. lol

UBS to Develop Yet Another ‘Permissioned Blockchain’ for Banks

In April, Bitcoin Magazine reported that UBS was planning to investigate blockchain technology in a new innovation lab based in London. The innovation lab is located in Level39, Europe’s largest technology accelerator space for finance and cyber-securities, and focuses on exploring the role of blockchain technology in financial services.

UBS, a Swiss global financial services company with its headquarters in Basel and Zürich, is the biggest Swiss bank and is considered as the world’s largest manager of private wealth assets, with more than 2.2 trillion Swiss francs (CHF) in invested assets.

In August, the bank launched a “Future of Finance Challenge” for financial technology entrepreneurs and startups. The Future of Finance Challenge covers a broad range of emerging fintech areas, including blockchain technology and applications, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers, security and privacy verification and smart contracts.

Now, the blockchain vision and strategy of the giant Swiss bank are becoming clearer. UBS is working on a prototype virtual currency that it hopes will be used by banks and financial institutions as a basis to settle mainstream financial markets transactions, The Wall Street Journal reports.

The new virtual currency, dubbed “utility settlement coin,” would be used for post-trade settlements between financial institutions on private financial platforms built on blockchain technology. For example, UBS might have its own blockchain-based platform to issue bonds, and another bank might have a blockchain-based stock-trading platform, but both would use the same utility coin for settlement.

The bank doesn’t plan to issue the new digital coin itself but hopes to work with other banks, regulators and financial service providers for an industrywide product. Hyder Jaffrey, the bank’s e-commerce commercial director, said UBS had already reached out to potential partners, but would not comment on specific institutions.

The utility settlement coin is a “permissioned blockchain” similar to the Bankchain project recently announced by Bitcoin exchange itBit. Permissioned blockchains, also endorsed by Accenture and Digital Asset Holdings CEO Blythe Masters, are the new trend in Wall Street’s uneasy flirtation with Bitcoin. Basically, permissioned blockchains would offer the advantages of digital currencies powered by public blockchain – fast and cheap transactions permanently recorded in a shared ledger – without the troublesome openness of the Bitcoin network where anyone can be a node on the network anonymously.

Using the utility settlement coin or similar systems, financial institutions could settle trades in seconds rather than days, which could lead to reduced risk, lower operational costs, and increased efficiency. To achieve this vision, UBS is partnering with blockchain fintech startup Clearmatics, based in London. The key difference between Clearmatics’ implementation of the blockchain technology and Bitcoin is the fact that only authorized participants can validate transactions. “Unlike cryptocurrency blockchains, validators are authenticated and legally accountable,” states the Clearmatics website.

A recent post on the Clearmatics website, titled “No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement,” provides a point-by-point analysis of the original Bitcoin whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto from the point of view of the financial establishment, and a clear outline of the reasons why banks and mainstream financial institutions won’t touch permissionless blockchain networks like Bitcoin.

“To serve as a replacement for the legacy technology implementing registered, book-entry assets, a distributed ledger of financial assets will have to ensure a tight correspondence between what the ledger and the law say is the state of who-owns-what,” notes the post. “This is obviously incompatible with a protocol based on anonymous transaction validators; the law will not treat a ledger record as authoritative if everyone knows that the current longest chain contains blocks generated by an anonymous attacker who replaced a bit of history that was chronologically prior. But the bitcoin protocol has no mechanism for dealing with this scenario, no mechanism for bringing ledger state and legal state back into alignment.”

According to the company, Clearmatics’ permissioned blockchain infrastructure is not only “thousands of times more efficient” than the Bitcoin network, but also places a governance structure over the validators to ensure resistance to attacks.

The Wall Steet Journal article wisely mentions critiques to UBS’ approach and permissioned blockchains in general. In particular, former Bitcoin Foundation director Jon Matonis is persuaded that private, permissioned blockchains might fall short of their objectives. “It could end up being very similar to centralized payments networks we have right now, without the benefit of the network effect of bitcoin,” he said.

https://bitcoinmagazine.com/21851/ubs-develop-yet-another-permissioned-blockchain-banks/

"quagmire!!!.........!!!" Get ready. Expect hundreds of different "permission tokens" Confused already. They will be a lot more to come. Those who truly believe in DECENTRALIZED Digital Currency must not allow our voice to be drown out.

It will be very interesting to see how this will play out.

I've been reading through the "No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement" article. Pretty long, haven't gotten through it yet.
http://www.clearmatics.com/2015/05/no-bitcoin-is-not-the-future-of-securities-settlement/

Much of the article talks about vulnerabilities we already know, 51% attack and changing transaction history, anyone can run a node etc... Newer developments make that much more difficult like KGW.

I haven't formulated a conclusive opinion as to whether I think the permissioned blockchains would be a better approach for banks to settle internal transactions. I'm sure they could have a solution where nodes are specifically permitted on the network, but wouldn't the nodes themselves be vulnerable to attack creating a bigger security issue than 51% attack or now be vulnerable to internal corruption?

Thinking through this could be beneficial to DNotes one day, but it is a very complicated issue. Think about how long and how many people it took to come up with bitcoin's solution. I don't know what kind of effort they have already put into this solution, but I'm hesitant to conclude anything.

Peer to peer transactions, for everyone else and public use, a public free market blockchain is still, in my opinion, the best option.

DNotes

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Quote from: Dyna on September 05, 2015, 11:24:33 AM

Quote from: Chase on September 05, 2015, 11:00:12 AM

Speaking of banks...

Here comes another permissioned blockchain, so I have to ask; What happens when there is a quagmire (my favorite govt / bank word) of these blockchains because everyone wants their own? Will they work together or will it create chaos? There could be thousands of tokens around the world which would require conversion, etc. Sounds like fiat, but what do I know. lol

UBS to Develop Yet Another ‘Permissioned Blockchain’ for Banks

In April, Bitcoin Magazine reported that UBS was planning to investigate blockchain technology in a new innovation lab based in London. The innovation lab is located in Level39, Europe’s largest technology accelerator space for finance and cyber-securities, and focuses on exploring the role of blockchain technology in financial services.

UBS, a Swiss global financial services company with its headquarters in Basel and Zürich, is the biggest Swiss bank and is considered as the world’s largest manager of private wealth assets, with more than 2.2 trillion Swiss francs (CHF) in invested assets.

In August, the bank launched a “Future of Finance Challenge” for financial technology entrepreneurs and startups. The Future of Finance Challenge covers a broad range of emerging fintech areas, including blockchain technology and applications, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers, security and privacy verification and smart contracts.

Now, the blockchain vision and strategy of the giant Swiss bank are becoming clearer. UBS is working on a prototype virtual currency that it hopes will be used by banks and financial institutions as a basis to settle mainstream financial markets transactions, The Wall Street Journal reports.

The new virtual currency, dubbed “utility settlement coin,” would be used for post-trade settlements between financial institutions on private financial platforms built on blockchain technology. For example, UBS might have its own blockchain-based platform to issue bonds, and another bank might have a blockchain-based stock-trading platform, but both would use the same utility coin for settlement.

The bank doesn’t plan to issue the new digital coin itself but hopes to work with other banks, regulators and financial service providers for an industrywide product. Hyder Jaffrey, the bank’s e-commerce commercial director, said UBS had already reached out to potential partners, but would not comment on specific institutions.

The utility settlement coin is a “permissioned blockchain” similar to the Bankchain project recently announced by Bitcoin exchange itBit. Permissioned blockchains, also endorsed by Accenture and Digital Asset Holdings CEO Blythe Masters, are the new trend in Wall Street’s uneasy flirtation with Bitcoin. Basically, permissioned blockchains would offer the advantages of digital currencies powered by public blockchain – fast and cheap transactions permanently recorded in a shared ledger – without the troublesome openness of the Bitcoin network where anyone can be a node on the network anonymously.

Using the utility settlement coin or similar systems, financial institutions could settle trades in seconds rather than days, which could lead to reduced risk, lower operational costs, and increased efficiency. To achieve this vision, UBS is partnering with blockchain fintech startup Clearmatics, based in London. The key difference between Clearmatics’ implementation of the blockchain technology and Bitcoin is the fact that only authorized participants can validate transactions. “Unlike cryptocurrency blockchains, validators are authenticated and legally accountable,” states the Clearmatics website.

A recent post on the Clearmatics website, titled “No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement,” provides a point-by-point analysis of the original Bitcoin whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto from the point of view of the financial establishment, and a clear outline of the reasons why banks and mainstream financial institutions won’t touch permissionless blockchain networks like Bitcoin.

“To serve as a replacement for the legacy technology implementing registered, book-entry assets, a distributed ledger of financial assets will have to ensure a tight correspondence between what the ledger and the law say is the state of who-owns-what,” notes the post. “This is obviously incompatible with a protocol based on anonymous transaction validators; the law will not treat a ledger record as authoritative if everyone knows that the current longest chain contains blocks generated by an anonymous attacker who replaced a bit of history that was chronologically prior. But the bitcoin protocol has no mechanism for dealing with this scenario, no mechanism for bringing ledger state and legal state back into alignment.”

According to the company, Clearmatics’ permissioned blockchain infrastructure is not only “thousands of times more efficient” than the Bitcoin network, but also places a governance structure over the validators to ensure resistance to attacks.

The Wall Steet Journal article wisely mentions critiques to UBS’ approach and permissioned blockchains in general. In particular, former Bitcoin Foundation director Jon Matonis is persuaded that private, permissioned blockchains might fall short of their objectives. “It could end up being very similar to centralized payments networks we have right now, without the benefit of the network effect of bitcoin,” he said.

https://bitcoinmagazine.com/21851/ubs-develop-yet-another-permissioned-blockchain-banks/

"quagmire!!!.........!!!" Get ready. Expect hundreds of different "permission tokens" Confused already. They will be a lot more to come. Those who truly believe in DECENTRALIZED Digital Currency must not allow our voice to be drown out.

It will be very interesting to see how this will play out.

I've been reading through the "No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement" article. Pretty long, haven't gotten through it yet.
http://www.clearmatics.com/2015/05/no-bitcoin-is-not-the-future-of-securities-settlement/

Dyna

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Activity: 1610

Merit: 1060

Quote from: Chase on September 05, 2015, 11:00:12 AM

Speaking of banks...

Here comes another permissioned blockchain, so I have to ask; What happens when there is a quagmire (my favorite govt / bank word) of these blockchains because everyone wants their own? Will they work together or will it create chaos? There could be thousands of tokens around the world which would require conversion, etc. Sounds like fiat, but what do I know. lol

UBS to Develop Yet Another ‘Permissioned Blockchain’ for Banks

In April, Bitcoin Magazine reported that UBS was planning to investigate blockchain technology in a new innovation lab based in London. The innovation lab is located in Level39, Europe’s largest technology accelerator space for finance and cyber-securities, and focuses on exploring the role of blockchain technology in financial services.

UBS, a Swiss global financial services company with its headquarters in Basel and Zürich, is the biggest Swiss bank and is considered as the world’s largest manager of private wealth assets, with more than 2.2 trillion Swiss francs (CHF) in invested assets.

In August, the bank launched a “Future of Finance Challenge” for financial technology entrepreneurs and startups. The Future of Finance Challenge covers a broad range of emerging fintech areas, including blockchain technology and applications, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers, security and privacy verification and smart contracts.

Now, the blockchain vision and strategy of the giant Swiss bank are becoming clearer. UBS is working on a prototype virtual currency that it hopes will be used by banks and financial institutions as a basis to settle mainstream financial markets transactions, The Wall Street Journal reports.

The new virtual currency, dubbed “utility settlement coin,” would be used for post-trade settlements between financial institutions on private financial platforms built on blockchain technology. For example, UBS might have its own blockchain-based platform to issue bonds, and another bank might have a blockchain-based stock-trading platform, but both would use the same utility coin for settlement.

The bank doesn’t plan to issue the new digital coin itself but hopes to work with other banks, regulators and financial service providers for an industrywide product. Hyder Jaffrey, the bank’s e-commerce commercial director, said UBS had already reached out to potential partners, but would not comment on specific institutions.

The utility settlement coin is a “permissioned blockchain” similar to the Bankchain project recently announced by Bitcoin exchange itBit. Permissioned blockchains, also endorsed by Accenture and Digital Asset Holdings CEO Blythe Masters, are the new trend in Wall Street’s uneasy flirtation with Bitcoin. Basically, permissioned blockchains would offer the advantages of digital currencies powered by public blockchain – fast and cheap transactions permanently recorded in a shared ledger – without the troublesome openness of the Bitcoin network where anyone can be a node on the network anonymously.

Using the utility settlement coin or similar systems, financial institutions could settle trades in seconds rather than days, which could lead to reduced risk, lower operational costs, and increased efficiency. To achieve this vision, UBS is partnering with blockchain fintech startup Clearmatics, based in London. The key difference between Clearmatics’ implementation of the blockchain technology and Bitcoin is the fact that only authorized participants can validate transactions. “Unlike cryptocurrency blockchains, validators are authenticated and legally accountable,” states the Clearmatics website.

A recent post on the Clearmatics website, titled “No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement,” provides a point-by-point analysis of the original Bitcoin whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto from the point of view of the financial establishment, and a clear outline of the reasons why banks and mainstream financial institutions won’t touch permissionless blockchain networks like Bitcoin.

“To serve as a replacement for the legacy technology implementing registered, book-entry assets, a distributed ledger of financial assets will have to ensure a tight correspondence between what the ledger and the law say is the state of who-owns-what,” notes the post. “This is obviously incompatible with a protocol based on anonymous transaction validators; the law will not treat a ledger record as authoritative if everyone knows that the current longest chain contains blocks generated by an anonymous attacker who replaced a bit of history that was chronologically prior. But the bitcoin protocol has no mechanism for dealing with this scenario, no mechanism for bringing ledger state and legal state back into alignment.”

According to the company, Clearmatics’ permissioned blockchain infrastructure is not only “thousands of times more efficient” than the Bitcoin network, but also places a governance structure over the validators to ensure resistance to attacks.

The Wall Steet Journal article wisely mentions critiques to UBS’ approach and permissioned blockchains in general. In particular, former Bitcoin Foundation director Jon Matonis is persuaded that private, permissioned blockchains might fall short of their objectives. “It could end up being very similar to centralized payments networks we have right now, without the benefit of the network effect of bitcoin,” he said.

https://bitcoinmagazine.com/21851/ubs-develop-yet-another-permissioned-blockchain-banks/

"quagmire!!!.........!!!" Get ready. Expect hundreds of different "permission tokens" Confused already. They will be a lot more to come. Those who truly believe in DECENTRALIZED Digital Currency must not allow our voice to be drown out.

Chase

legendary

Activity: 1638

Merit: 1005

Speaking of banks...

Here comes another permissioned blockchain, so I have to ask; What happens when there is a quagmire (my favorite govt / bank word) of these blockchains because everyone wants their own? Will they work together or will it create chaos? There could be thousands of tokens around the world which would require conversion, etc. Sounds like fiat, but what do I know. lol

UBS to Develop Yet Another ‘Permissioned Blockchain’ for Banks

In April, Bitcoin Magazine reported that UBS was planning to investigate blockchain technology in a new innovation lab based in London. The innovation lab is located in Level39, Europe’s largest technology accelerator space for finance and cyber-securities, and focuses on exploring the role of blockchain technology in financial services.

UBS, a Swiss global financial services company with its headquarters in Basel and Zürich, is the biggest Swiss bank and is considered as the world’s largest manager of private wealth assets, with more than 2.2 trillion Swiss francs (CHF) in invested assets.

In August, the bank launched a “Future of Finance Challenge” for financial technology entrepreneurs and startups. The Future of Finance Challenge covers a broad range of emerging fintech areas, including blockchain technology and applications, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers, security and privacy verification and smart contracts.

Now, the blockchain vision and strategy of the giant Swiss bank are becoming clearer. UBS is working on a prototype virtual currency that it hopes will be used by banks and financial institutions as a basis to settle mainstream financial markets transactions, The Wall Street Journal reports.

The new virtual currency, dubbed “utility settlement coin,” would be used for post-trade settlements between financial institutions on private financial platforms built on blockchain technology. For example, UBS might have its own blockchain-based platform to issue bonds, and another bank might have a blockchain-based stock-trading platform, but both would use the same utility coin for settlement.

The bank doesn’t plan to issue the new digital coin itself but hopes to work with other banks, regulators and financial service providers for an industrywide product. Hyder Jaffrey, the bank’s e-commerce commercial director, said UBS had already reached out to potential partners, but would not comment on specific institutions.

The utility settlement coin is a “permissioned blockchain” similar to the Bankchain project recently announced by Bitcoin exchange itBit. Permissioned blockchains, also endorsed by Accenture and Digital Asset Holdings CEO Blythe Masters, are the new trend in Wall Street’s uneasy flirtation with Bitcoin. Basically, permissioned blockchains would offer the advantages of digital currencies powered by public blockchain – fast and cheap transactions permanently recorded in a shared ledger – without the troublesome openness of the Bitcoin network where anyone can be a node on the network anonymously.

Using the utility settlement coin or similar systems, financial institutions could settle trades in seconds rather than days, which could lead to reduced risk, lower operational costs, and increased efficiency. To achieve this vision, UBS is partnering with blockchain fintech startup Clearmatics, based in London. The key difference between Clearmatics’ implementation of the blockchain technology and Bitcoin is the fact that only authorized participants can validate transactions. “Unlike cryptocurrency blockchains, validators are authenticated and legally accountable,” states the Clearmatics website.

A recent post on the Clearmatics website, titled “No, Bitcoin is not the future of securities settlement,” provides a point-by-point analysis of the original Bitcoin whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto from the point of view of the financial establishment, and a clear outline of the reasons why banks and mainstream financial institutions won’t touch permissionless blockchain networks like Bitcoin.

“To serve as a replacement for the legacy technology implementing registered, book-entry assets, a distributed ledger of financial assets will have to ensure a tight correspondence between what the ledger and the law say is the state of who-owns-what,” notes the post. “This is obviously incompatible with a protocol based on anonymous transaction validators; the law will not treat a ledger record as authoritative if everyone knows that the current longest chain contains blocks generated by an anonymous attacker who replaced a bit of history that was chronologically prior. But the bitcoin protocol has no mechanism for dealing with this scenario, no mechanism for bringing ledger state and legal state back into alignment.”

According to the company, Clearmatics’ permissioned blockchain infrastructure is not only “thousands of times more efficient” than the Bitcoin network, but also places a governance structure over the validators to ensure resistance to attacks.

The Wall Steet Journal article wisely mentions critiques to UBS’ approach and permissioned blockchains in general. In particular, former Bitcoin Foundation director Jon Matonis is persuaded that private, permissioned blockchains might fall short of their objectives. “It could end up being very similar to centralized payments networks we have right now, without the benefit of the network effect of bitcoin,” he said.

https://bitcoinmagazine.com/21851/ubs-develop-yet-another-permissioned-blockchain-banks/

Chase

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Activity: 1638

Merit: 1005

Quote from: RJF on September 04, 2015, 10:56:48 PM

Sorry guys, and girls! I'm a bit overwhelmed at the moment. Major projects at work and the paramedic unit I run with just won a very prestigious award:

"Public Information Office, August 18

Calvert Advanced Life Support has received notification the department has been selected as the NAEMT’s Volunteer Department of The Year 2015. The award, which is sponsored by Zoll, will be presented at the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians General Membership Meeting and Awards Presentation on Wednesday, Sept. 16, in Las Vegas, Nevada during EMSworld Expo."

As Chairman of the Board of Directors of that organization, I have been very busy helping prepare for this. We are sending a select group to Vegas to accept the award and attend the conference. My wife (a past Chief of CALS) will be attending and we intend to extend our stay on the west coast to California to visit family and drive the Pacific Coast Highway, something I've always wanted to do.

So, I'll be reading but not posting much till we return later in the month. As for the subject at hand, I think we all realize that commercial interests such as banks, will exploit crypto every way they can now that they realize it's not going away, this is to be expected.

They will also fail in the long run because they have no soul, no real belief in the greater good crypto can do for the worlds less fortunate populations. Its a sad fact of life that for good to exist, there must also be evil. I personally believe good can triumph as long as people believe it can. DNotes stands for good. I think all of us here are fighting for a greater cause than personal wealth and that my friends, is why we will prosper and come out on top.

DNotes best course of action is continuing to do exactly what we are doing now, educating. We must stay the course and continue to bring the message to those who can benefit most and thats not the bankers, it's the ordinary people, the simple folks, the disadvantaged, the isolated and all those who believe the current system is top heavy and imperfect.

So, carry on, keep the torches lit and rally the troupes as needed, we will prevail in the long game.

Wow! Congratulations RJF on the award!

Your post was very inspiring and motivational, and I thank you. Have a great trip!

DNotes

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Quote from: matatyau-cohen on September 05, 2015, 04:29:49 AM

impressive

Quote from: DNotes on September 04, 2015, 05:59:08 PM

Wow, getting great coverage on the DCEBrief press release.

Here is a few more, Yahoo Singapore and International Business Times.

https://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/bitcoin-alternative-dnotes-launches-dcebrief-175100011.html

http://markets.financialcontent.com/ibtimes/news/read?GUID=30556471

DNotes

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Activity: 1932

Merit: 1111

DNotes

Quote from: RJF on September 04, 2015, 10:56:48 PM

Sorry guys, and girls! I'm a bit overwhelmed at the moment. Major projects at work and the paramedic unit I run with just won a very prestigious award:

"Public Information Office, August 18

Calvert Advanced Life Support has received notification the department has been selected as the NAEMT’s Volunteer Department of The Year 2015. The award, which is sponsored by Zoll, will be presented at the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians General Membership Meeting and Awards Presentation on Wednesday, Sept. 16, in Las Vegas, Nevada during EMSworld Expo."

As Chairman of the Board of Directors of that organization, I have been very busy helping prepare for this. We are sending a select group to Vegas to accept the award and attend the conference. My wife (a past Chief of CALS) will be attending and we intend to extend our stay on the west coast to California to visit family and drive the Pacific Coast Highway, something I've always wanted to do.

So, I'll be reading but not posting much till we return later in the month. As for the subject at hand, I think we all realize that commercial interests such as banks, will exploit crypto every way they can now that they realize it's not going away, this is to be expected.

They will also fail in the long run because they have no soul, no real belief in the greater good crypto can do for the worlds less fortunate populations. Its a sad fact of life that for good to exist, there must also be evil. I personally believe good can triumph as long as people believe it can. DNotes stands for good. I think all of us here are fighting for a greater cause than personal wealth and that my friends, is why we will prosper and come out on top.

DNotes best course of action is continuing to do exactly what we are doing now, educating. We must stay the course and continue to bring the message to those who can benefit most and thats not the bankers, it's the ordinary people, the simple folks, the disadvantaged, the isolated and all those who believe the current system is top heavy and imperfect.

So, carry on, keep the torches lit and rally the troupes as needed, we will prevail in the long game.

Congrats RJF! Missed having you on the forum, but understand completely.

Dyna

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Activity: 1610

Merit: 1060