The first impact will be clear, double and triple-digit inflation will go away
Argentina had already a period (1991-2001) when there was a de-facto dollarization during the Menem government via a currency board, an 1:1 peg to the US dollar.
The problem is that this period hadn't the expected outcome.
Triple digit inflation went away, but there were several years with double digit inflation, which made Argentine goods very expensive, and this led to the general Argentine crisis of 2001.
If Argentina adopts a similar policy again, this will probably be similar. Above all the industrial sector will suffer, there will be higher unemployment (now it's modest with ~7%).
Here a graph showing Argentina and Ecuador's economic growth 1984-today:
(Source:
World Bank)
You can see that in both cases, Argentina and Ecuador, there was an initial boom after dollarization/currency board introduction. In Argentina, 1991, and in Ecuador, 2000. But then the growth went increasingly bumpy. Dollarization creates a higher dependency on external commerce and international financial events and gives in generall less flexibility. It's a gamble, you could have favourable outcome or not, depending on your economical structure. Argentina's post-currency-board history coincides with Ecuador's dollarization (~2000-2002) and after these years there is no clear "winner" between both if you look at economic growth.
With cryptos emerging as an alternative, a dollarized country could try to introduce altcoins as a way to stimulate growth if it thinks it needs to increase money supply. I'm less thinking about an independent currency (like ETH or LTC) but more of a kind of utility token. This could give the country flexibility again, so I'm currently a bit less against dollarization than I'd have been in 1992 or 2000.
how would this affect the perception of Bitcoin.
It's obviously seen as a way to escape spiraling inflation but with a real hard currency would it stop losing its currency flavor and be seen as more of an investment?
I guess in Argentina BTC adoption is clearly benefitting from the current high-inflation scenario. It is already used more as an investment than as a currency, but has also the function to act as an intermediate step between the Peso and external currencies like the US dollar, as US dollar acquisition is restricted.
If the country was already dollarized, I think BTC adoption will grow slower. The country could go the way of El Salvador though, trying to force Bitcoin adoption to become at least a little bit less dependant on the USD cycles (at the cost obviously to have to support the high BTC volatility).