Most importantly, how did they get my number? Did they know I have a Binance account or was it completely random? Perhaps this has something to do with a suspected data breach that I had also posted about a few months ago?
It's very easy for them to send you a message, and it will appear that it was sent by Binance or whichever name they want to appear as the sender.
First, what they need is to know the exact way Binance's name appears on the receiver's phone whenever they send out a message. They will use one of these providers that deal in bulk SMS, which you can be allowed to customize your message and send across to various contacts at once.
In my country we use
https://www.bulksmsnigeria.com/
I can recall one time when I used it to customize an employment message and sent it to my kid sis, who ran away from the house because of a minor disagreement. I customized the sender to be from one popular shopping complex, "Everyday Supermarket.".
The first thing to make such a success is to first get the target number, which I believe the scammers do have, and then be sure that the number is also what they use in receiving messages from the organization they tend to impersonate, and everything is simple from there.
Some things are developed to make life easier for scammers, who are always looking for a way to exploit it to their own advantage; we just have to be vigilant.