-I am not a computer coder but could someone explain to me yes or no, is it possibly for a future technology like an advanced AI to crack the code for private keys in the future?
Cryptographic systems can fail, and some (of the past) have already proven to be insecure
like SHA-1. AIs or deep learning sytems can probably help to discover these vulnerabilities.
-Couldn't there also be a new form of crypto maybe ether, or maybe something more advanced to overtake Bitcoin at the top spot? It seems like there is still room for the decentralization of everything coin or something similar to be developed with characteristics that outshine everything on the market today.
Totally. Take a cryptocoin that can be scaled to the factor 100 or even 1000 respect to Bitcoin without risking decentralization (no segwit war), consuming much less energy and is more stable (Hint: There are already some projects that try that, but no one has proven that it works for the long term).
-Or could something be developed outside of the crypto universe that makes this technology obsolete?
One thing I can imagine is an AI-based system that controls the economy and human needs and uses advanced incentives to "guide" humans to make the economy/world better. This system would also be used for "monetary transactions". Other possibility is that we don't need money at all anymore.
-I am not as concerned about this topic due to the inability for governments to actually control the currency, basically a situation where sanctions could be imposed but they can't actually stop the overall process of transferring coins. Is this assumption wrong?
I believe it is right, because even if they use the most drastic measure and "turn off" the Internet, there are alternatives like mesh networks that could be used. A government would need a "Big brother" state to forbid that.
-Ok so I am not going to pretend to know a lot about this subject but I believe we have a fork in August coming up which has a lot of people up in arms it seems. Why is this such a big deal?
Chain splits (!==forks) are very troublesome for all people that use cryptocurrencies for other things than simple speculation. Imagine you use Bitcoin to transfer money between country A and country B and one day, all exchanges on country A are on a chain and all exchanges of country B are on the other chain. So chain splits should be avoided.
-Miner Fees are pretty straight forward but doesn't seem devastating as a whole, is this wrong as well?
It can be a problem if there are alternative coins that deliver exact the same service (transactions in an advanced currency ecosystem) for a lower cost. But be warned, most altcoins of today are not capable of that in a sustainable way, they're only cheap because they have almost no usage.