Startup costs and electricity cannot be shifted aside. This question is invalid.
In my case startup cost can be put aside. I build a new gaming rig once every 1 to 2 years so I don't need to spend any money there.
I'm aware that electricity consumption does cost something, but my question is far from invalid. How do bitcoins retain their value if they can be created by anyone?
They can't be created by anyone. It's not like running a printing press. The system is self-regulating, the mining is the
distribution method. The idea that bitcoins are 'created' by the miners is misleading, although not altogether incorrect. I can't really explain it starting with what you now know. It took myself two weeks of fairly intense study on the matter to get it myself. You need more study first, it's not something that can be explained in short bites.
As for the value question, as any respectable economist will tell you, value is always subjective. Bitcoins have value because there are those of us who
do understand the system, and believe that it can work enough that we are willing to risk our own funds to that end. The common answer is that Bitcoins are worth whatever someone will pay you for them, which is both true and a terrible answer.
Basicly the miners are repeatedly 'hashing' a block of transactions, looking for a hash number that is less than a particular number that represents the present difficulty necessary to produce a block every 10 minutes or so. At that same time, this process is functionally "brute forceing" the blockchain in advance of an attack, securing the blockchain against any such attack on an ongoing basis. There is much more to it than this.
Ah, so there is a point to these "puzzles" being solved that benefits the whole bitcoin operation. I figured there had to be a point but this isn't exactly easy-to-understand information to be butting on the bitcoin.org home page, haha.
The white paper is where anyone who wishes to
really understand the system should start. Both the bitcoin.org FAQ and the Weusecoins.com type sites are aimed at laymen, i.e. the same kind of people who use cash but think that it's still backed by gold.
You assume incorrectly, because they are neither free nor require little effort.
If mining is similar to f@h or s@h where you just click "start mining" and walk away I'd consider that little to no effort.
It's not quite like that. Once set up, there is little human labor, this is true. However, the cost of electricity versus the near-term market value of the bitcoins that you could generate with what you have are pretty close together. So those that do it professionally almost always have some kind of advantage over the average Joe with a GPU. Could be specialized hardware, a personally tweaked GPU miner process, or a need for spot heating for their garage in winter. You also risk the GPU itself, as mining full time could drasticly shorten it's expected life.
Mining would cost me whatever my PC consumes in electricity (over normal usage) while mining. I still don't see how it retains that type of value in the exchange rate.
That would require a course in Austrian Economic Theory. The short answer is that the bitcoin's value has more to do with it's utility as a transfer of value over distance system than as a commodity, which is the service that the network provides to the users of the monetary unit, since no other monetary unit can do the same job for the same costs, or with the same level of anominity.
I suggest you study the system till you 'grok' it before you attempt to setup a mining rig. You will likely be disappointed otherwise.
I'm not sure what you're getting at here. Are you saying I should take more time to learn about bitcoins before mining them? If so, I could use some noob-friendly links. The bitcoin wikipedia page only confused me more.
I'm saying that you should take more time to learn more about it because you are likely to be disappointed in what you can get for what your machine can produce. It's not a get rich quick scheme, it's likely the costs of electricity will equal or exceed the value of the bitcoins that you could produce.