Changing the ports won't stop you from interacting with the "original blockchain" (I believe you mean Bitcoin Mainnet). It's entirely possible to run Bitcoin Core using whatever port number you like.
There is even a runtime argument that allows you to change it
[code]
-port=Listen for connections on (default: 8333, testnet: 18333, regtest: 18444)
While I understand that compilation can take a long time, have you tried making one code modification at a time to figure out which modification is actually breaking your build? If you're not able to use the "Debug" option provided by that error dialog, have you checked the windows error log (after clicking "close program") to see if there is an error output there that gives any more details about the reason for the error?
Also, with regards to your compilations taking a long time, are you using "make clean" every time you build or something? Seems odd that making a change to one particular component should require a full rebuild.
Note, after making a code change, the only build commands you should need from the "Building for Windows" docs are:
sudo bash -c "echo 0 > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status" # Disable WSL support for Win32 applications.
make
sudo bash -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status" # Enable WSL support for Win32 applications.
You should not need to do all the other config every time you need to compile.
EDIT: just did a test... after the initial compile (which admittedly took quite a long time, but less than an hour)... I edited chainparams.cpp (changed the genesis block string):
Sat Oct 24 02:07:00 UTC 2020
user@pc:~/bitcoin$ make
Making all in src
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/user/bitcoin/src'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/user/bitcoin/src'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/user/bitcoin'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/user/bitcoin'
CXX libbitcoin_common_a-chainparams.o
AR libbitcoin_common.a
CXX libbitcoin_util_a-clientversion.o
AR libbitcoin_util.a
CXXLD bitcoind.exe
CXXLD bitcoin-cli.exe
CXXLD bitcoin-tx.exe
CXXLD bitcoin-wallet.exe
CXXLD test/test_bitcoin.exe
CXXLD bench/bench_bitcoin.exe
CXXLD qt/bitcoin-qt.exe
CXXLD qt/test/test_bitcoin-qt.exe
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/user/bitcoin/src'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/user/bitcoin/src'
Making all in doc/man
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/user/bitcoin/doc/man'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/user/bitcoin/doc/man'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/user/bitcoin'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'all-am'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/user/bitcoin'
user@pc:~/bitcoin$ date
Sat Oct 24 02:08:02 UTC 2020
user@pc:~/bitcoin$
So, only about a minute to recompile a modification... my advice is that you don't blindly use build commands without understanding what it is that you're doing... if you run that entire section of build commands every single time you make a change, you're redoing a lot of unnecessary stuff which would probably explain your long "build" times.[/code]