I think the margin system you proposed sounds like it could work, but you must be careful that you always keep enough in escrow. I don't think you should ever have to reach step two (exchange on Gox USD for BTC until you are above water) if you are doing things right. If you add in a few extra steps in your scenario above we can get some interesting positions. If you are careful it could work, for example.
So, let's say you have $100 USD and 10 BTC.
You write 5 calls for December at $100, price: $5. They get bought.
Your old and new available calcs would give you: $125 USD and 5 BTC.
Now, let's imagine two weeks later, you buy 5 calls for December / $100 and you pay $2.
The old calculation would say you have Available BTC: 5, USD: $115.
The new calculation would say you have available BTC: (10 - 5 + 1 call you can pay for) = 6, USD $115.
What happens in this scenario if you then write 6 more calls? Would you actually put $100 in escrow for the sixth and final? It seems like you have to or you risk a bankruptcy. Would I get warned that writing that 6th call would lock up $100. I suppose this could work and give more flexibility, as long as you lock up the money when they count on exercising. Now, after that, lets say I buy a call with a strike of only $30. You would need to release $70 of the $100 you locked up since I can now exercise a cheaper contract. But lets say I want to sell the contract that exercises at $30 (selling isn't an option now, but it needs to be soon). When I put in an ask, you would have to once again lock up an extra $70, and I shouldn't be allowed to place the ask unless I have $70.
This could lead to some very confusing situation if I have very many contract and am counting on the ability to exercise them. For example, lets say I bought 5 calls at $15, 5 at $20, 5 at $25, 2 at $50, 1 at $100, and 1 at $150. I've got no bitcoins in my account but a whole lot of USD, $275. Enough to exercise all the options except the $100 and $150 one. I have no bitcoins, but if I want to write some calls, some of the USD can be put in escrow. So I write 17 calls, which puts all my money in escrow to exercise the contracts if needed. The calls are a long shot so I didn't get paid much for it, we can ignore that money.
Now someone puts in a really good bid for my $15 options, and I want to sell them (I'm assuming selling in possible) and lock in my profits. so I try to sell two of my $15 dollar options. Then the system should run the calculations, realize that I need enough USD in escrow to exercise 17 options which would require $495 if I sold two $15 options. I've only got $275 in escrow so the system asks for another $220 USD. All just to sell contracts I already own. This could be confusing, especially so if everything got even more tangled. I could see someone accidentally grid-locking his funds, unable to profit in a good situation or cut losses in a bad one. I suppose that is the danger of this leverage. Also, take into account that I could be doing this on the USD side of things as well with puts and it really starts frying the brain.
Not to mention, what I really want to do in the very first scenario is pass on the contracts I wrote to someone along with $2 (aka paying someone to take the risk of the contract I wrote... is there a term for this? selling? passing?), this way all 5 bitcoins in escrow can be freed.
EDIT
One thing I'd really like to be implemented is this:
Say I place an ask on a put. $5 for a $10 strike. Right now, $10 USD will get put into escrow. I would prefer it if only $5.05 got put into escrow, and when the contract get filled, the $4.95 ($5 - commission) that I just earned gets moved to escrow to guarantee that I can supply $10 if exercised.
Actually, going a step further, I'd like nothing to go into escrow unless the contract is made. And I'd like the ask to be removed if my balance falls below $5.05. You know what, I really need to put together a comprehensive flow chart. We could be allowed to do a lot more with zero risk to you, if we just nailed down the details of the system.