Yes.
Suppose someone posts their address in their signature. And then use the same username on other social media sites. With careful trawling of other sites, you can glean clues to who they are. Some people's Facebook profiles list the school they went to, the university they went to, where they live. Plus they post pictures of themselves, so you can pinpoint them with facial recognition technology. You can even entice them into an email correspondence - and most people have their real name on their email profile. For example with yahoo, even though your email will say [email protected], when you actually receive an email from the person, their name is at the top...
Put all that together, and you have matched the identity to the email address and their bitcoin address.
Other way is to trace transactions and wait until 'wanted' person purchases some physical goods involving shipping. Then you could ask/bribe/trick/harrass merchant (especially smaller one) to provide you the person's details.
Yes. I believe this is how they trapped the Silk Road bunch.