1. As someone from the UK we have free healthcare at the point of use, apparently we pay less tax than the US so I'm always curious what this money actually gets spent on?
Middlemen and profits, mostly. The health insurance industry is massive. There are a huge number of people employed by this, from the call center staff to the people in the hospitals sitting down with physicians, pharmacists, nursing staff, etc. and going through every single patient's treatment, drugs, operations, scans, tests, care, etc. making sure it all gets billed correctly. Its a huge amount of unnecessary staff, and it takes up a huge amount of healthcare workers' time. The amount of paperwork it generates is massive, and obviously more staff to deal with all this. These companies obviously have to make profits as well and boy, do they make profits!
2. How much is health insurance over there?
Varies massively. The average is around $400-500 per month per person, but that doesn't give you anywhere near full coverage. Plenty of plans include various diseases or treatments they won't cover, if you go "out of network" and use healthcare services or providers your insurance company doesn't approve of they won't cover you, and so on. The plans all still include deductibles, which is how much you have to pay before your insurance will even kick in (usually several thousands of dollars), and copays or coinsurances, which is how much you have to pay even after your insurance has kicked in. All this is on top of the fact that a higher proportion of US tax revenue is spent on healthcare than most other developed nations, even ones with fully socialized medicine.
Here's part of a post I made a while back about US healthcare:
The US healthcare system is broken. In a
Commonwealth Fund Report the US ranked
last overall, as well as
last for efficiency, equity, and cost-related access. The only category the US came first on was price - so as well as being the worst healthcare system in the developed world, the US is also the most expensive in the world, spending approximately 6-7% more of its GDP on health.
If you compare actual dollars per citizen the difference is even more striking - the UK's NHS, the highest rated healthcare system in the world spends $3,405 per citizen per year on healthcare. The US spends a whopping $8,508, and despite spending 2.5x per citizen, those citizen receive
significantly worse care and outcomes. That's without even touching on the astronomical individual cost of health insurance, and the fact that any US citizen is a single major illness or disease away from bankruptcy.
US spends more of its tax dollars on healthcare than any other developed nation,
and people also have to pay astronomical insurance prices,
and people still have to pay out of pocket,
and people still go bankrupt from a single serious illness or accident,
and for all this money, US citizens still get inferior care to every other developed nation on the planet. There is only one good reason why the US can't move to socialized healthcare, and it is because the insurance companies use their insane profits to lobby politicians and use the media to push the lie that socialized medicine is somehow evil. It's not a case of "needing to find the money for it", as OP suggests. It would be a massive cost saving.