Do you believe that in ancient times (like a thousand years ago) people had a better living, or were wiser, braver, or had any special knowledge? Suffered less or more? Had better social order? I am looking forward to hearing your opinion and arguments and strongly appreciate links to relevant academic articles and books you can advise.
Well, it depends on what time in history are you asking about, and, also, about what means to you the concept of progress.
I am a PhD researched dedicated to ancient rock-art. In my studies, I`ve come to realize that the humans from the Palaeolithic time (from Magdaleniense, for instance, about 40.000- 10.000 when mostly of the great caves where painted) were used to live in harmony with nature. In that era, it is difficult to find signs of violence between humans in the rock art, on the contrary, most of the art show hunting scenes, mythical animals, some rituals, and so.
Once the era known as Neolithic appears, there was a huge change in human behaviour. For instance, citys began to be walled for the first time in history, and religious specialist appears, as long as war-scenes in rock art.
Maybe that was caused by a climate change, maybe this is just when the humanrace begin to spread too much.
I think over population is a big problem, to be honest. When people concentrate in a small place, then bad things happen, nature is attacked, natural resources are exploded, all is contaminated, and etc. So, under the point of getting adapted to the enviroment, I think human race is declining.
One another curiosity: dental cavities first appears in paleomedicine after the agriculture "revolution". Before that, it wasn`t an issue to human health and, also, they used to live longer (from paleolithic the average was about 40, in neolithic about 30, due to sick and war).
Now, there have been eras to humanity. One of my best friends is a genome researched. She always tell me how the human genes are declining, for they are not longer exposed to the nature, and all the people survives, even when their genetic information is not the best. In the past, a human with gen problem will not survive, and probably never has descendants. So, also, genetically speaking, we are declining.
Regarding the accomplishments of human race, ok, we have accomplished a lot, but, under my perspective, we haven`t resolv yet the most important issues of recent history:
- War.
- HUnger.
- The end of natural resources.
"Homo homini lupus", I`m afraid.
Of course, I consider myself a naturalist, so I believe, in conclusion, we are declining.
An interesting book about it is "Anarchy evolution", by Greg Graffin (Bad Religion singer and also PhD in evolution research).
And, also, there is one of my favourites books, related: Konrad Lorenz, "Civilized man's eight deadly sins", you can download it for free in here:
http://www.freepdf.info/index.php?post/Lorenz-Konrad-Civilized-man-s-eight-deadly-sins(it is one of my favourites author, also winner of a well-deserved Nobel price for his amazing contribution to humanity, in Medicine, Ethology, history.. a wise man)
I think you are going to love it.