In the USSR, nominally and "indicatively" women had the same "rights" as men. But besides the fact that in the USSR people did not have rights, there was always a rather arrogant attitude towards women. No, of course there were women - "exhibition specimens", but in 99% of cases, they were citizens who were rather limited in their abilities. All this was based on a historical "habit" that a woman is, at best, a housewife and nothing more. In the USSR, they tried to show that they had already got rid of the "tired legacy of the tsarist regime", but it turned out extremely badly ... Where women succeeded as much as possible " realize themselves" and reach some heights - there were purely humanitarian areas - kindergartens, schools, hospitals. And then with reservations. And these complexes remained even among those who were born in the 70s+.
This situation is not only limited to a specific period in the history of Russia (the Soviet Union), but even in our present era, and in the most advanced countries, you will not find that the number of women in business exceeds the number of men, even if the proportion of women in the population is the largest.
It is not only limited to determining the role of women in the affairs of the home and family. There are many areas in which we almost never find women. For example, the building and construction sector has no women investors at all, as well as mining and the production of solid materials. These are all sectors in which women have no luck without a valid reason.
To understand this situation, you just need to take into account some of the nuances:
1. Historically, in all the expanses of civilization, since the dawn of mankind (approximately since the primitive communal system), there has been some ... how to say more correctly .. Probably the most correct thing is "gender segregation." Women were practically everywhere assigned the role of housewives and "to give birth to boys and more." But the men were miners and warriors. This primitivism has passed through many centuries. In the Middle Ages, it intensified with all sorts of "witch hunts and other medieval idiocy. The 19-20th century was a century of industrialization and a warrior. Here again, the key role was again male, and women - well, ok - were still teachers, nurses, salesmen and accountants. And In principle, almost until the 21st century, this continued.
2. Education. Previously, education was mostly the lot of ... men. Tell me - how competitive were the conditions for women and men if some were poorly educated, and the second - noticeably more? True, somewhere in the 18-19th century, the situation began to change a little, but ... anyway, employers gave preference to men - they don’t give birth, they don’t require maternity leave, they don’t require to be released because the child is sick, ...
Although I will add. I will graduate from the academy in 1995, technical education, IT field. And in comparison with 1990 when I entered, there were 2 times more girls at the Faculty of Technology. Those. young girls went (consciously or not - the second question) began to more massively master those professions that were previously considered more masculine than feminine.
3. Physiological and psycho-emotional features of the structure of the body and psyche of women and men. It's hard to argue here. In general, most women can perform complex and demanding work like men. The question is - but why kill the female body with unusual loads? It's like leading a man to breastfeed a child - you can stab with hormones, transplant female ovaries, operate on the glands ... And even probably will produce milk, but WHY? Although if you like it - please, no one forbids, for example, a woman to work as a miner or in a metallurgical shop. Like a man, no one forbids being a hairdresser, manicurist or a nanny for small children
As a result, today we have what we have: a historical, primitive "heritage" + some stratification of education into "female" and "male" + the strength of habits, traditions, culture.