I think people can eventually adapt to that in time if they really want to. Many good day traders probably started as jittery ones but were determined to learn. Taking in a lessons and techniques from losses as much as from gains. Of course this doesn't apply to all but if you really want to be a good day trader, the character traits you mentioned can be picked up.
Ultimately, it all comes down to your net financial result
From my perspective, any normal person can cope with anything you described (high on chaos, adrenaline, risk taking and lots of action) as long as they are able to earn profits enough to make sense of this psychological tension and interested in that. So, in the end, it is not so much about a specific set of personality traits as their balance in respect to profit expectations, i.e. how much profit is needed to justify the mental effort required to obtain it (read, everyone can do that). Further, no one can actually stand serious losses as long as they are serious to the person experiencing them (this is like a reverse tautology)
Thanks for your interesting opinions. I agree such an adaptation can be acquired, although I consider that a phenomenal achievement.
There were some studies made concerning the brain activity and hormonal responses of traders, and almost invariably it has been demonstrated that an equivalent amount of profit and loss lead to distinctly disproportionate emotional responses in humans, eg: the anguish experienced by a 10,000 USD loss is much greater than the joy / happiness that a 10k USD trading profit brings (at least in terms of observed brain activity, hormone levels & the poll opinions of the tested subjects).
Humans are naturally wired to be risk adverse and highly sensitive to pain stimuli; that's why it's really difficult to genuinely acclimatize yourself to this clearly unbalanced practice of emotional roller coasters that naturally come with HFT; part of the reason why a very few percentage of people can make profitable intraday / high frequency traders...