Glad to see so many excellent and inspiring political leaders being recognized and recommended in this thread!
I would also like to honor Francis Bacon, an England politician in the late 1500s who served under both Queen Elizabeth I and King James I!
Although his father was a Lord Keeper, he climbed up the political ladder the hard way starting from an MP, to attorney general and eventually Lord Chancellor of England. He was a close adviser to the King and even supported some of the King's very controversial decisions so that he could convince the King to encourage Scientific Development in Britain!
In an era which was still burning witches at the stake, he managed to use his influence in court to encourage scientific endeavors and was widely regarded after his death as the father of the great scientific revolution of the western world.
He remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.
Ahhhhh, Francis Bacon! I remember reading about him once in a history book.I liked one of the quotes he wrote in his greatest book, The Advancement of Learning where he wrote:
"And being now at some pause, looking back into that I have passed through, this writing seemeth to me (si nunquam fallit imago), as far as a man can judge of his own work, not much better than that noise or sound which musicians make while they are in tuning their instruments, which is nothing pleasant to hear, but yet is a cause why the music is sweeter afterwards. So have I been content to tune the instruments of the Muses, that they may play that have better hands. "
The humility of that man! Not many politicians nowadays can be humble like that if they are in his position.