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Topic: Fort Hood soldiers say Army warned them off tea party, Christian groups (Read 3813 times)

hero member
Activity: 784
Merit: 501
Well while the USSR existed much more people (including gays and just about everyone else regardless of sexual orientation) were murdered than after Russia became independent. Does the name Stalin ring a bell?

Since I am from USSR, and my great-grandparents were one of the royal families who were lined up against the wall and shot in front of my 10 year old grandfather's eyes shortly after the revolution and pogroms, yes, it does ring a bit of a bell. Although I don't know what any of that has to do with religion, or the fact that homosexuality was decriminalized shortly after the fall of USSR, only to get re-criminalized after the orthodox church took over.

I'm sorry about that. I didn't know your background. Your original post made it seem to me as if you saw the USSR as better and Russia only become extremist after the fall of communism. There are many people who see the Soviet Union as a "cool" country and think communism is a good alternative for the current crony-capitalist system.

Wow, talk about a misconception. I wonder what I said to give that impression?  Grin
Nah, my opinion of Russia are as backwoods rednecks that came out of Ukraine (Kievan Rus) that was established some 400+ years before Russia, which then was rulled by some godawful kings, then a godawful soviet government, and just when they were about to establish some sense of freedom, another power (church) came in and started f*cking them over. The people there just have centuries of really really bad pro-authoritarian brainwashing  Undecided


And I feel sorry for Russian bitcoiners, who obviously are not part of that whole clusterfuck.

You are only wrong about the Yeltsin era in the '90s. Back then Russia was up for grabs by the oligarchs. Yeltsin was a very weak president, the Berezovsky clan basically ran the country back in that era. They weren't interested in oppressing the Russian people, only in pillaging their wealth. Putin was the answer to that. I always wondered why the oligarchs gave up power so easily. Several of them ended up in jail (Khodorkovsky), were exiled (Berezovsky) or aligned themselves with the new power (Abramovich).
legendary
Activity: 2912
Merit: 1386
http://www.wnd.com/2013/10/muslim-brotherhood-just-like-evangelicals/#ij4fE7L3KCqcYd0w.99



    Department of Homeland Security adviser Mohamed Elibiary has penned yet another controversial tweet, this time likening the Muslim Brotherhood to evangelical Christians and comparing the Brotherhood’s indoctrination to Bible study groups.

    WND found that Elibiary tweeted: “Ignorant #Islamophobes (redundant I know) protested my saying #MB like #Evangelicals. Usra like Bible study grp.”

    The “MB,” or Muslim Brotherhood, seeks a worldwide Islamic caliphate ruled by Shariah, or Islamic law, and teaches followers to help establish an Islamic state wherever they live.

Well, at least this is more correct. Muslim Brotherhood aren't actually extremists, like the Taliban, and want to make the world Islamic about as much as conservative Christians want to make the world Christian (no one is disputing that connservative christians want to make USA a Christian nation, and make the rest of the world Christian, right?)

http://www.fatwaonislam.com/p/1928-birth-of-brotherhood.html

In 1928, the Muslim Brotherhood was founded by an Egyptian school teacher named Hassan al-Banna. He believed that all the problems of the Muslim world were a direct result of Muslims not living the true Islamic life, as modeled by Muhammad and those the first few generations of Muslims.

Al-Banna's fundamentalist interpretation of Allah's religion, as well as the fraternity of Qur'an crazed lunatics his insanity put into was motion, were born of a desire to revive Islam as practiced during of the time of the Prophet.

The ideological heritage of Al-Banna's theology can be traced to an 18th century Muhammadan by the name of Muhammad Ibn al-Wahhab. al-Wahhab articulated that it was a societal need to return to the literal reading and implementation of Islam which was the source of all that ailed the Muslims.

In his motiviational writing, Jihad,  al-Banna clearly communicates the nature of the ideological principles upon which he brought the Brotherhood into existence.

Jihad

Jihad is an obligation from Allah on every Muslim and cannot be ignored nor evaded. Allah has ascribed great importance to jihad and has made the reward of the martyrs and the fighters in His way a splendid one. Only those who have acted similarly and who have modeled themselves upon the martyrs in their performance of jihad can join them in this reward. Furthermore, Allah has specifically honoured the Mujahideen {those who wage jihad} with certain exceptional qualities, both spiritual and practical, to benefit them in this world and the next. Their pure blood is a symbol of victory in this world and the mark of success and felicity in the world to come.

Those who can only find excuses, however, have been warned of extremely dreadful punishments and Allah has described them with the most unfortunate of names. He has reprimanded them for their cowardice and lack of spirit, and castigated them for their weakness and truancy. In this world, they will be surrounded by dishonour and in the next they will be surrounded by the fire from which they shall not escape though they may possess much wealth. The weaknesses of abstention and evasion of jihad are regarded by Allah as one of the major sins, and one of the seven sins that guarantee failure.

Islam is concerned with the question of jihad and the drafting and the mobilisation of the entire Umma {the global Muslim community} into one body to defend the right cause with all its strength than any other ancient or modern system of living, whether religious or civil. The verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Muhammad (PBUH {Peace Be Unto Him}) are overflowing with all these noble ideals and they summon people in general (with the most eloquent expression and the clearest exposition) to jihad, to warfare, to the armed forces, and all means of land and sea fighting.

[...]

My brothers! The ummah that knows how to die a noble and honorable death is granted an exalted life in this world and eternal felicity in the next. Degradation and dishonor are the results of the love of this world and the fear of death. Therefore prepare for jihad and be the lovers of death. Life itself shall come searching after you.


Elibiary is fucking nuts.  From the MB stem all the roots of Muslim terrorism as we know it - going all the way back to the 1982 Olympics, the plane hijacking, most of the bombings.

no one is disputing that connservative christians want to make USA a Christian nation, and make the rest of the world Christian, right?


I've met some that had crazy ideas like that, but most of 'conservative Christians' don't have crazy ideas.
legendary
Activity: 1176
Merit: 1001
minds.com/Wilikon
http://www.wnd.com/2013/10/muslim-brotherhood-just-like-evangelicals/#ij4fE7L3KCqcYd0w.99



    Department of Homeland Security adviser Mohamed Elibiary has penned yet another controversial tweet, this time likening the Muslim Brotherhood to evangelical Christians and comparing the Brotherhood’s indoctrination to Bible study groups.

    WND found that Elibiary tweeted: “Ignorant #Islamophobes (redundant I know) protested my saying #MB like #Evangelicals. Usra like Bible study grp.”

    The “MB,” or Muslim Brotherhood, seeks a worldwide Islamic caliphate ruled by Shariah, or Islamic law, and teaches followers to help establish an Islamic state wherever they live.

Well, at least this is more correct. Muslim Brotherhood aren't actually extremists, like the Taliban, and want to make the world Islamic about as much as conservative Christians want to make the world Christian (no one is disputing that connservative christians want to make USA a Christian nation, and make the rest of the world Christian, right?)

http://www.fatwaonislam.com/p/1928-birth-of-brotherhood.html

In 1928, the Muslim Brotherhood was founded by an Egyptian school teacher named Hassan al-Banna. He believed that all the problems of the Muslim world were a direct result of Muslims not living the true Islamic life, as modeled by Muhammad and those the first few generations of Muslims.

Al-Banna's fundamentalist interpretation of Allah's religion, as well as the fraternity of Qur'an crazed lunatics his insanity put into was motion, were born of a desire to revive Islam as practiced during of the time of the Prophet.

The ideological heritage of Al-Banna's theology can be traced to an 18th century Muhammadan by the name of Muhammad Ibn al-Wahhab. al-Wahhab articulated that it was a societal need to return to the literal reading and implementation of Islam which was the source of all that ailed the Muslims.

In his motiviational writing, Jihad,  al-Banna clearly communicates the nature of the ideological principles upon which he brought the Brotherhood into existence.

Jihad

Jihad is an obligation from Allah on every Muslim and cannot be ignored nor evaded. Allah has ascribed great importance to jihad and has made the reward of the martyrs and the fighters in His way a splendid one. Only those who have acted similarly and who have modeled themselves upon the martyrs in their performance of jihad can join them in this reward. Furthermore, Allah has specifically honoured the Mujahideen {those who wage jihad} with certain exceptional qualities, both spiritual and practical, to benefit them in this world and the next. Their pure blood is a symbol of victory in this world and the mark of success and felicity in the world to come.

Those who can only find excuses, however, have been warned of extremely dreadful punishments and Allah has described them with the most unfortunate of names. He has reprimanded them for their cowardice and lack of spirit, and castigated them for their weakness and truancy. In this world, they will be surrounded by dishonour and in the next they will be surrounded by the fire from which they shall not escape though they may possess much wealth. The weaknesses of abstention and evasion of jihad are regarded by Allah as one of the major sins, and one of the seven sins that guarantee failure.

Islam is concerned with the question of jihad and the drafting and the mobilisation of the entire Umma {the global Muslim community} into one body to defend the right cause with all its strength than any other ancient or modern system of living, whether religious or civil. The verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Muhammad (PBUH {Peace Be Unto Him}) are overflowing with all these noble ideals and they summon people in general (with the most eloquent expression and the clearest exposition) to jihad, to warfare, to the armed forces, and all means of land and sea fighting.

[...]

My brothers! The ummah that knows how to die a noble and honorable death is granted an exalted life in this world and eternal felicity in the next. Degradation and dishonor are the results of the love of this world and the fear of death. Therefore prepare for jihad and be the lovers of death. Life itself shall come searching after you.

legendary
Activity: 1680
Merit: 1035
Well while the USSR existed much more people (including gays and just about everyone else regardless of sexual orientation) were murdered than after Russia became independent. Does the name Stalin ring a bell?

Since I am from USSR, and my great-grandparents were one of the royal families who were lined up against the wall and shot in front of my 10 year old grandfather's eyes shortly after the revolution and pogroms, yes, it does ring a bit of a bell. Although I don't know what any of that has to do with religion, or the fact that homosexuality was decriminalized shortly after the fall of USSR, only to get re-criminalized after the orthodox church took over.

I'm sorry about that. I didn't know your background. Your original post made it seem to me as if you saw the USSR as better and Russia only become extremist after the fall of communism. There are many people who see the Soviet Union as a "cool" country and think communism is a good alternative for the current crony-capitalist system.

Wow, talk about a misconception. I wonder what I said to give that impression?  Grin
Nah, my opinion of Russia are as backwoods rednecks that came out of Ukraine (Kievan Rus) that was established some 400+ years before Russia, which then was rulled by some godawful kings, then a godawful soviet government, and just when they were about to establish some sense of freedom, another power (church) came in and started f*cking them over. The people there just have centuries of really really bad pro-authoritarian brainwashing  Undecided


And I feel sorry for Russian bitcoiners, who obviously are not part of that whole clusterfuck.
legendary
Activity: 1680
Merit: 1035
http://www.wnd.com/2013/10/muslim-brotherhood-just-like-evangelicals/#ij4fE7L3KCqcYd0w.99



    Department of Homeland Security adviser Mohamed Elibiary has penned yet another controversial tweet, this time likening the Muslim Brotherhood to evangelical Christians and comparing the Brotherhood’s indoctrination to Bible study groups.

    WND found that Elibiary tweeted: “Ignorant #Islamophobes (redundant I know) protested my saying #MB like #Evangelicals. Usra like Bible study grp.”

    The “MB,” or Muslim Brotherhood, seeks a worldwide Islamic caliphate ruled by Shariah, or Islamic law, and teaches followers to help establish an Islamic state wherever they live.

Well, at least this is more correct. Muslim Brotherhood aren't actually extremists, like the Taliban, and want to make the world Islamic about as much as conservative Christians want to make the world Christian (no one is disputing that connservative christians want to make USA a Christian nation, and make the rest of the world Christian, right?)
hero member
Activity: 784
Merit: 501
Well while the USSR existed much more people (including gays and just about everyone else regardless of sexual orientation) were murdered than after Russia became independent. Does the name Stalin ring a bell?

Since I am from USSR, and my great-grandparents were one of the royal families who were lined up against the wall and shot in front of my 10 year old grandfather's eyes shortly after the revolution and pogroms, yes, it does ring a bit of a bell. Although I don't know what any of that has to do with religion, or the fact that homosexuality was decriminalized shortly after the fall of USSR, only to get re-criminalized after the orthodox church took over.

I'm sorry about that. I didn't know your background. Your original post made it seem to me as if you saw the USSR as better and Russia only become extremist after the fall of communism. There are many people who see the Soviet Union as a "cool" country and think communism is a good alternative for the current crony-capitalist system.
legendary
Activity: 1176
Merit: 1001
minds.com/Wilikon
http://www.wnd.com/2013/10/muslim-brotherhood-just-like-evangelicals/#ij4fE7L3KCqcYd0w.99



    Department of Homeland Security adviser Mohamed Elibiary has penned yet another controversial tweet, this time likening the Muslim Brotherhood to evangelical Christians and comparing the Brotherhood’s indoctrination to Bible study groups.

    WND found that Elibiary tweeted: “Ignorant #Islamophobes (redundant I know) protested my saying #MB like #Evangelicals. Usra like Bible study grp.”

    The “MB,” or Muslim Brotherhood, seeks a worldwide Islamic caliphate ruled by Shariah, or Islamic law, and teaches followers to help establish an Islamic state wherever they live.

legendary
Activity: 1680
Merit: 1035
maybe the problem is not the religion per se or the culture it resides in and influences, but theocracy?

Ayn Rand had some pretty persuasive arguments against religion when it became an arm of the state, which she viewed as inevitable in many cases (fascism, socialism, communism).

Note that Somalia doesn't really have a state, and Al Quida and Taliban don't belong to any specific country, yet both have major issues with religious extremism.

Personally, I would say the issue isn't theocracy, but conservatism. Religious extremism, fascism, communism, socialism, and even moderm democratic socialism of the US, all have concervatism, defined as resistance to change even in the fact of coonflicting evidence, as the central problem. Moderm liberals are more conservative than libertarians, since the former are fighting hard to preserve the status quo when it comes to governance, finance, and social programs, while the later are hoping for change and experimentation.
legendary
Activity: 2912
Merit: 1386
So... The most intolerable religion right now on this planet in 2013 regarding gay rights and women's rights is the Christian religion? Got it.

Can you believe they let women drive cars and buy bitcoins in the USA and Russia? Incredible!
Yeah, I'm waiting for Rassah's response to all this.

Somehow I do believe he can put it into a rational and reasonable perspective.

....pretty good argument could be made for the exact opposite, that the MOST TOLERANT religions are the Christian ... or to put it more accurately, the Judeochristian cultures...

Obviously one is more intolerant than the other, but the main problem is that they are both intolerant, and thus neither should be involved with people who's job it is to kill other people. I mean, how little murder, misogynism, homophobia, and racism is OK, exactly?
maybe the problem is not the religion per se or the culture it resides in and influences, but theocracy?

Ayn Rand had some pretty persuasive arguments against religion when it became an arm of the state, which she viewed as inevitable in many cases (fascism, socialism, communism).
legendary
Activity: 1680
Merit: 1035
Well while the USSR existed much more people (including gays and just about everyone else regardless of sexual orientation) were murdered than after Russia became independent. Does the name Stalin ring a bell?

Since I am from USSR, and my great-grandparents were one of the royal families who were lined up against the wall and shot in front of my 10 year old grandfather's eyes shortly after the revolution and pogroms, yes, it does ring a bit of a bell. Although I don't know what any of that has to do with religion, or the fact that homosexuality was decriminalized shortly after the fall of USSR, only to get re-criminalized after the orthodox church took over.
legendary
Activity: 1680
Merit: 1035
So... The most intolerable religion right now on this planet in 2013 regarding gay rights and women's rights is the Christian religion? Got it.

Can you believe they let women drive cars and buy bitcoins in the USA and Russia? Incredible!
Yeah, I'm waiting for Rassah's response to all this.

Somehow I do believe he can put it into a rational and reasonable perspective.

....pretty good argument could be made for the exact opposite, that the MOST TOLERANT religions are the Christian ... or to put it more accurately, the Judeochristian cultures...

Obviously one is more intolerant than the other, but the main problem is that they are both intolerant, and thus neither should be involved with people who's job it is to kill other people. I mean, how little murder, misogynism, homophobia, and racism is OK, exactly?
legendary
Activity: 2912
Merit: 1386
...
I believe the killer was not even allowed to defend his jihad in court. So for him he was a soldier using the tools he had and was ready to die at fort Hood. That was clear to me and to the killer and anyone with two brain cells.
And yet the government defined what happened in Fort Hood as ''workplace violence'', not terrorism. Tea Party is the real danger! Danger! Danger Will Robinson!
http://www.wfaa.com/news/texas-news/Lawmakers-pledge-to-bring-benefits-to-Fort-Hood-victims-222093091.html
That's a disgrace.  I did not know that the survivors and their families were suffering due to a lack of benefits due to the definition of "workplace violence".   

I guess also the surviving relatives of the forgotten heros who died at Bengazi have been forgotten.
legendary
Activity: 1176
Merit: 1001
minds.com/Wilikon
Here are some facts.

1.  Since 1983, eight people have been killed in the USA from abortion clinic violence.  How many from muslim violence?

http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Pages/AmericanAttacks.htm

3101 in 70 separate attacks in the USA.

One of these happened to be at Fort Hood, resulting in 13 deaths.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Hood_shooting

But of course those bible thumping Christians are the real threat. Roll Eyes
Yeah that's what's so idiotic about this.  Let's connect the dots...

A) Jerk off Allah believer massacres people at Fort Hood

B) Obama pinhead comes to Ft. Hood to lecture soldiers about the dangers of Tea Party and Christians...

@#$IOJ)(U#@)$*Huh?

I believe the killer was not even allowed to defend his jihad in court. So for him he was a soldier using the tools he had and was ready to die at fort Hood. That was clear to me and to the killer and anyone with two brain cells.
And yet the government defined what happened in Fort Hood as ''workplace violence'', not terrorism. Tea Party is the real danger! Danger! Danger Will Robinson!
http://www.wfaa.com/news/texas-news/Lawmakers-pledge-to-bring-benefits-to-Fort-Hood-victims-222093091.html
legendary
Activity: 2912
Merit: 1386
Here are some facts.

1.  Since 1983, eight people have been killed in the USA from abortion clinic violence.  How many from muslim violence?

http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Pages/AmericanAttacks.htm

3101 in 70 separate attacks in the USA.

One of these happened to be at Fort Hood, resulting in 13 deaths.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Hood_shooting

But of course those bible thumping Christians are the real threat. Roll Eyes
Yeah that's what's so idiotic about this.  Let's connect the dots...

A) Jerk off Allah believer massacres people at Fort Hood

B) Obama pinhead comes to Ft. Hood to lecture soldiers about the dangers of Tea Party and Christians...

@#$IOJ)(U#@)$*Huh?
legendary
Activity: 2912
Merit: 1386
....
I'm well aware of that and much more, but then this guy came along: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali
You get the award for presenting...

Best Religious Nutcase of the Day!
hero member
Activity: 784
Merit: 501
Oh yeah, don't forget Russia's recent rise to infamy as being extremely anti-gay, with gays being beaten, killed, and when protesting, arrested despite being the ones who got assaulted. Why? Because after the fall of USSR, the church ended up taking power. Russia is basically becoming a Christian extremist nation.

Well while the USSR existed much more people (including gays and just about everyone else regardless of sexual orientation) were murdered than after Russia became independent. Does the name Stalin ring a bell?

"In 1933, Joseph Stalin added Article 121 to the entire Soviet Union criminal code, which made male homosexuality a crime punishable by up to five years in prison with hard labor. The precise reason for Article 121 is in some dispute among historians. The few official government statements made about the law tended to confuse homosexuality with pedophilia and was tied up with a belief that homosexuality was only practiced among fascists or the aristocracy.

The law remained intact until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union; it was repealed in 1993."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism_and_homosexuality
legendary
Activity: 2786
Merit: 1031
So... The most intolerable religion right now on this planet in 2013 regarding gay rights and women's rights is the Christian religion? Got it.

Can you believe they let women drive cars and buy bitcoins in the USA and Russia? Incredible!

Well, I have to vote Islam, because it's 2013, but have in mind that we came out from the Dark Ages because of Renaissance and Church lost a lot of power, Islamic countries didn't had such a thing.

And there are many "Christian religions", you have the God Hates Fags people in one corner, and Presbyterians with a gay bishop in the other...

The Dark Ages and "Islamic Countries" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia

Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkorðoβa]; Arabic: قُرطبة‎‎, DIN: Qurṭubah), also called Cordova in English,[1] is a city in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. An Iberian and Roman city in ancient times, in the Middle Ages it became the capital of an Islamic caliphate. The old town contains numerous architectural reminders of when Corduba was the capital of Hispania Ulterior during the Roman Republic and capital of Hispania Baetica during the Roman Empire; and when Qurṭubah (قرطبة) was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate of Córdoba, including most of the Iberian Peninsula.

It has been estimated that in the 10th century Córdoba was the most populous city in the world, and under the rule of Caliph Al Hakam II it had also become a centre for education under its Islamic rulers. Al Hakam II opened many libraries on top of the many medical schools and Universities which existed at this time. Such Universities contributed towards developments in mathematics and astronomy.[2][3] During these centuries Córdoba had become the intellectual centre of Europe [4] and was also noted for its predominantly Muslim society that was tolerant toward its Christian and Jewish minorities.[2][3] Today it is a moderately-sized modern city; its population in 2011 was 330,033.[5]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate_of_Cordoba

I'm well aware of that and much more, but then this guy came along: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali
hero member
Activity: 784
Merit: 501
Here are some facts.

1.  Since 1983, eight people have been killed in the USA from abortion clinic violence.  How many from muslim violence?

http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Pages/AmericanAttacks.htm

3101 in 70 separate attacks in the USA.

One of these happened to be at Fort Hood, resulting in 13 deaths.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Hood_shooting

But of course those bible thumping Christians are the real threat. Roll Eyes
legendary
Activity: 2912
Merit: 1386
...... and was also noted for its predominantly Muslim society that was tolerant toward its Christian and Jewish minorities.....
Oh ya, sure, tolerant toward the 'people of the book'....

AS LONG AS THEY PAY THEIR SPECIAL TAXES LIKE THE KORAN SAYS!!!

Meaning, peace through subjugation.

That not my type of peace, thank you kindly.  Neither is it a very nice peace for people who are not 'people of the book', they lose their heads...

By the way, back on the OP topic:  I am certain that it is possible to develop a policy statement to warn soldiers about groups they should not associate with which is fair, unbiased and based on historical facts instead of modern prejudice.

For example, they could be told flat out not to associate with any Muslim sects adhering to the teachings of Sayyid Qut'b would be unacceptable.  They didn't do that with Major Hasad.  My guess is they didn't know the implications.
legendary
Activity: 1176
Merit: 1001
minds.com/Wilikon
So... The most intolerable religion right now on this planet in 2013 regarding gay rights and women's rights is the Christian religion? Got it.

Can you believe they let women drive cars and buy bitcoins in the USA and Russia? Incredible!

Well, I have to vote Islam, because it's 2013, but have in mind that we came out from the Dark Ages because of Renaissance and Church lost a lot of power, Islamic countries didn't had such a thing.

And there are many "Christian religions", you have the God Hates Fags people in one corner, and Presbyterians with a gay bishop in the other...

The Dark Ages and "Islamic Countries" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia

Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkorðoβa]; Arabic: قُرطبة‎‎, DIN: Qurṭubah), also called Cordova in English,[1] is a city in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. An Iberian and Roman city in ancient times, in the Middle Ages it became the capital of an Islamic caliphate. The old town contains numerous architectural reminders of when Corduba was the capital of Hispania Ulterior during the Roman Republic and capital of Hispania Baetica during the Roman Empire; and when Qurṭubah (قرطبة) was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate of Córdoba, including most of the Iberian Peninsula.

It has been estimated that in the 10th century Córdoba was the most populous city in the world, and under the rule of Caliph Al Hakam II it had also become a centre for education under its Islamic rulers. Al Hakam II opened many libraries on top of the many medical schools and Universities which existed at this time. Such Universities contributed towards developments in mathematics and astronomy.[2][3] During these centuries Córdoba had become the intellectual centre of Europe [4] and was also noted for its predominantly Muslim society that was tolerant toward its Christian and Jewish minorities.[2][3] Today it is a moderately-sized modern city; its population in 2011 was 330,033.[5]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate_of_Cordoba

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