Because when you run a pruned blockchain you are trusting the people responsible for the prune.
The purpose of a bitcoin node is to verify and validate blocks,transactions and check if the transactions are spent correctly. The validation requires the node to check for transactions and the UTXO are spent correctly by comparing the recent blocks. For this to be carried out, you just need the recent block datas and not the older ones. Along with that, once the transactions are valid and correct they get added to the node's mempool and subsequently they get added to the block.
Ah, bones was faster.