Do you know how many thousands of years it takes to break one single private key man?
This Super computer of google or whatever has nothing to do with jeopardizing Bitcoin or cryptio in general.
We're more than safe at least for the next couple tens of years.
There is a genuine concern that in fact quantum computing renders all classical cryptography obsolete. This has been a theory for many years, but of course even the computers themselves had been theoretical (and some people have even made programs for these theoretical computers).
However one thing is truth is that this is slowly but steadily advancing, and we shouldn't go back to sleep. Even if its not today or not particularly that Google computer, you can be assured that the first people who are able to get one big enough to do harm, will keep it quiet (or ordered to remain quiet), America DOES have gag orders and national security, so an American company is the last source of reliable information on these matters to be made public in time.
It will go something like this, perhaps in Japan, or i don't know what other country, something "better" than these Google/IBM computers come, and them other countries join the race, while "still not quite there" as you are right now writing here.
And from America, silence. Or perhaps a few more announcements, then silence.
You won't know it, but the NSA is in my bet one of the first institutions to have one operating, provided by one of those American corporations sure, but in their control. Perhaps this is but a race to the bid, the State can be such a juicy client, even if it means going silent when they order it.
And remember when this time comes, it would be too late for "discussion". Discussion should be done now, and solutions implemented. There have been proposed solutions to mitigate quantum computing in this transitional phase, and they should be implemented while we have the time to do so, not when its too late to act...
Decades later quantum computing will reach the masses, and the playing field will be level again (with quantum cryptography algorithms). But in the transition, it will not be this simple, in fact, quite asymmetric. Do you believe in those institutions that will own and operate the first ones? Its not the Americans alone, rest for sure that whatever America makes, China will get it, and Russia, Israel, at some point Europe, etc.
Yes of course they are going to use it to unscramble "evil terrorist" stuff first, or at least that will be the excuse. But in the way, "other" stuff will be revealed, without the affected parties knowing...
Scandal-drama again. What was the Watergate scandal again? No one remembers, and yet a president left office for that in the middle of the "cold" war... Will you wait for the next Snowden decades later to leak it?
Bitcoin is not in danger, but don't wait a couple of decades to address these issues...