How important is having money to you?
Wow this one is quite hard.
There are two ways to look at it:
1. If you live in a country without major economic problems and have enough money to get by, money doesn't have to be important to you. When you can live everyday without worrying about it.
2. But if you really have to worry about money, it's hard to say it's not important to you. You might not need a lot, but if you have to worry about the little things you need money will be important to you.
There's the question if a good earner that says money is important to him looks at it in the same way as someone who's not out for big money but has to fear for the small amount he needs to survive.
Personally i'm lucky to be in the first group. Money isn't everything for me aslong as i have enough to life my life comfortably. Even if that means i won't be able to buy things just for the fun of it.
Is not having money an excuse to not live the way you would like to live?
That depends on where you live. You can get (financial) help in the western world to achieve a lot of things educationwise if you can prove you're really out to get to where you want to be.
Opening a business with borrowed money on the other hand may be a choice, but none i would want to take.
If you try to achieve things without money you usually have to be a lot more focused to make it work. You'll have to work harder to live your life the way you want to.
Compare two persons: Same effort put into getting where they want to be, but one of them has money. This is sometimes the little thing missing.
Is money just a scam to get first dibs on the resources of planet earth or the best possible design for deciding who gets what?
Power decides who gets what. Earlier in history that power came from war, in our "peaceful" world it's nowadays money who decides it. Might not be the best possible design.
Is there a certain point of wealth in which you would no longer seek to earn more money?
Not for me. You can't be insured against everything, so even if your life is okay you will always strive to accumulate more money. Money you can put aside for bad times.
And then there's the point of having fun at your job. If you love what you do money is a nice side effect. That doesn't mean you don't rely on that money.