Topic: How to eliminate Large mining pools - page 2. (Read 2222 times)

Why their contribution will be lower? Mining pool can behave exactly as one, single, huge node. Mining pool will calculate luck and difficulty, giving each miner the same block header to mine. From miner's perspective it will be exactly as it is today, because mining pool will calculate everything that will be needed (no matter how many sub-layers of calculating difficulty will be there) and mining pool will give each node the same header, it is needed to calculate only once! If the pool will give each miner a different header, it will be pointless, as they can generate such without joining the pool. Pools are not created to be only network proxies, they are created to give more frequent rewards to each miner!

If overall block difficulty will be high, a single miner will still create less artificial nodes than the whole mining pool, so any pool will provide more frequent rewards than such miner could achieve alone. Also, if the block time is so short, maybe someone would prefer getting rewards every hour or every day, instead of every 20 seconds. Then, when joining the pool (being one, huge, single node) it is equal to creating "1/n node" (n=number of miners connected to the pool). Each miner can create one, two, three or more nodes, but alone it is impossible to create "1/2 node" or "1/3 node". To lower fluctuaction of the income everyone is forced to join some pool or create it and invite someone.

Edit: But remember that anyone can still create a transaction. And since there will be Turing-complete smart contracts, it could be even easier than in Bitcoin. For example: a mining pool owner will give rewards only if you put some coins as a collateral and then if you mine new coins using key given by the server. Then, you can get your coins back only after mining pool owner will move these coins somewhere else, to an address only under its control.

So, yes, mining pool operator still can outsource this work to other miners, because at the beginning these miners will give them transaction they can get coins from if a miner will take these newly created coins.

Edit2: Also note that mining pool operator can safely outsource even signature mining to other miners, because they are creating blocks below target difficulty. So they cannot simply send such block to the network, because it will be rejected. It is worth something only inside the pool! Also, the pool can accept only blocks containing coinbase and a transaction sending something to the pool. Such transaction can be also send over lightning network, so no one will notice that the pool is actually receiving something!

I think you should have sent it in the wrong place, please delete it, thank you

Two reasons for the formation of the mining pools: the advantage of power merger is far greater than the scattered power, that is, the marginal contribution of miners to the mining pool will be far greater than the output of their independent mining, which is the internal reason for the formation of the mining pools. The fluctuation of the income of individual miners is the external reason why independent miners join the mining pool.
In 2POW, when miners join the mining pool, their marginal contribution will be lower than their independent mining output, and will increase the management cost of the mining pool, which will allow miners to mine independently.
The fluctuation of the income of individual miners can be adjusted by increasing the number of nodes. The number of independent miners and nodes will be a market behavior.

The source code of the project will be opened within one to two weeks after the mainnet started.

The smallest unit is 0.000000000000000001.

It is still possible to create mining pools in this coin, because rewards do not have to be shared in the coinbase transaction or even in the same block. For example a mining pool can use stratum-like protocol and give only block header to each miner, as it is done today. Then, all rewards could be received by creating normal, non-coinbase transactions and including them into any blocks. And then it does not matter if it is one, two or N phases of proof-of-work, because it is all about how often you receive coins. If there will be a lot of miners, block difficulty will be high, so any miner will have two options: join some pool and get reward every day, or (for example) do solo-mining and get reward every year.

Edit: Maybe I missed something, but where I can find source code? There is a GitHub page, but there are only images for whitepaper and how to mine instructions. How can I get sources to build binaries from scratch?

Edit2:
Is there any floating-point type used? If not, what is the smallest unit of this coin?

The probability of fork in 2POW is smaller than that of traditional POW. This is because the difficulty of each node is different, and the probability of generating a block at almost the same time will be relatively small.

More small miners forming 51% attacks will be more difficult than large mining pools.

Once the 51% attack condition is formed, to successfully launch a selfish mining attack, 2POW is also more difficult than traditional POW.

After a period of testing, the luck project is stable.

The mining process and important parameters (see block explorer for details) are now explained.

Luck adopts a 2POW mechanism, in which the difficulty goal of the first phase is expressed as DifficultyAlpha. Calculate Luck after the completion of the first phase, Luck value range 1---1e+9, record lmax=1e+9. The calculation formula of the difficulty target in the second phase is as follows
DifficultyBeta=Basis*((lmax/(lmax-Luck))^2).

As the number of participating nodes increases, Basis will decrease sharply. The difficulty target in the second stage is more sensitive to the change of Luck, which is not conducive to alliance mining.

In the block explorer, you can see several new parameters, explained below.

Luck: The luck value of this round of mining
Basis: Basic control parameter of the mining difficulty in the second phase
FirstNonce: Random value of the first phase
DifficultyAlpha: Mining difficulty target value of the first phase
DifficultyBeta: Mining difficulty target value in the second phase
SecondNonce: Random value of the second phase

My point of view.
According to game theory, vested interests will strive to maintain the security of the network, whether it is a mining pool or a small miner, so the security of the two is equivalent.
From a practical point of view, if someone wants to maliciously damage the network, attacking the mining pool may be easier than attacking more scattered miners.
In addition, decentralization is more fair to miners, but the operation and maintenance costs of miners may be slightly higher than mine pools.
Scattering may be more conducive to scenes with higher fairness requirements such as random number, election, etc.

A small number of large mining pools, or more small miners, which one is safer? 

I have a suggestion. If your two-phase proof-of-work is correct, are three-phase or more phases of proof of work safer? If so, why not use more phases of proof of work?

Thank you very much for your participation in the testnet.
After nearly a week of testing, a total of 38 independent miner nodes have participated in the test. The current block data is as follows:

1 The testnet stable run for 10 days

2 Generate about 20961 blocks

3 The block parameters are verified to meet the logical expectations

4 We have received emails from 17 independent miners, here we reply to the following related questions:

  4.1 Are the test tokens included in the mainnet?
  The tokens of the testnet are only used for testing and are not included in the mainnet.

  4.2 When does the test end?
  The test will end in about a week or two.

  4.3 When is social media established?
  We will still run in a free and open manner. In principle, we do not actively establish social media channels. All fans are welcome to actively establish social media channels and participate in the communication, thank you very much.

  4.4 What happens when the mining process crashes occasionally?
  After our testing, the mining process occasionally crashed due to insufficient memory. There will be no crashes on mining devices with memory up to 4G.

  4.5 How did a large-scale outage occur in the entire network?
  There was a large-scale interruption of about 30 minutes on the entire testnet, which was caused by the fluctuation of the network where the discovery server of the test network is located. Before the main network goes online, we will deploy multiple discovery servers in different places.

In addition, the testnet will continue to run for about a week or two, and will soon run the mainnet after completion of the test. Everyone is welcome to focus on it.

The description of the block parameters and the logic behind are being collated and will be published as soon as possible.

In fact, we are building a network without mining pools. We improved on the underlying consensus mechanism, making the mining pools unable to operate and manage effectively.

A lot of independent miners will be left in the network, not pools.