IF Core decided that a Proof of Work change is needed, what kind of mining algorithm will they use in your opinion? Will they develop something new, or will they use something that is used now like Scrypt?
There is also a new white paper for another mining algorithm out there called Proof of Space. https://www.coindesk.com/proof-of-space-bittorrent-creator-publishes-eco-friendly-mining-paper/
And certainly a lot of new mining algos I've now seen - eco-friendlier, asic-resistant, etc. While I doubt the snazzier ones like Proof-of-Time are technically solid, I do like some aspects of Proof-of-Importance... amount of work important, but so is quality. Amount of coins important, but less than usage, for example.
A vaunted algo was something called EquiHash (I think), as it's design is amongst the more difficult to produce an ASIC circuit for, and presumably it isn't too new or based on exotic math. But it will always be possible to produce an ASIC eventually, Scrypt was always touted as "ASIC resistant", until someone produced an ASIC unit with the requisite RAM modules to vastly outcompete PC/GPU Scrypt miners.
The key will clearly be to alternate hashing algorithms for PoW, either individually, or as a series of hash functions with the order of the series alternated randomly from a large set of hashing algos (Meni Rosenfeld's idea). And while that would decentralise mining a great deal, it would still mean those with access to the most resources would dominate mining (i.e. money, access to large premises with suitable MW rated electricity supply, cheap electricity, suitable environment for cooling, political favour etc).
But small miners would suddenly get back into the game even still; right now, mining ASIC manufacturers deliberately set the price of complete miner units at a level that guarantees their continued dominance in the actual block reward market (something like 5-8 times the market price of what electronics of a similar level of sophistication and material constituency typically would be). With that huge economic disadvantage removed, home miners can of course purchase regular CPU or GPU computing devices at the same prices as large organisations can. It would be good for Bitcoin, despite being somewhat disruptive at first.