If 90% of Bitcoin is controlled by a few centralized and powerful groups, what will happen? Will it cease to be a permissionless system?
depends on HOW the 90% is utilised, presents different results
1. imagine people lock their funds into LN factory(fortknox) which accumulates to 90% locked into an address controlled by the small group of signatories.. leads to how banks done the 'gold standard' switch to paper money and now gold isnt even a payment method
2. imagine a small group bought up 90% of coins. first there wuold be a price spike. and people selling to the group would profit on the way up. then when the group sell. people can profit from the discount on the way down.. but all-in-all its just temporary drama
3. imagine the small group bought up all the coin. and just hoarded.. result. the rest of the community play with 2.1mill coins instead of 21m coiins. plus they play with them at a higher value... no other drama as its just about market play
4. imagine the small group obtain 90% of coins and then use those coins off-market to influence devs to write new rules, and influence merchants to adopt the new rules. thus thee remaining 10% users end up following the rules or find out they cant spend their 10% because the merchants are only accepting payment using the new rules