a) The network should know the fee. Blockexplorer shows the transaction, fee, and size. The fee would charged based on the smallest of the to (amount).
So if I send if I have 100,000 coins, I send you 99,999 and I send 1 coin to change address then the fee is 1 * 1% = 0.01 coin?
b) 1% fee transactions are very large compared to 0.01 fee transaction which the bitcoin network is eventually going to have to deal with. By making this comment you are saying in the long run bitcoin will never work since the mining fees will be too small in the future. This is nonsense, as owners of large amounts of coins have vested interest to protect the network.
1% of a tiny transaction volume = tiny fees. So the network large enough to avoid 51% attack will be paid from a negligible amount of transaction fees. You seem to forget the subsidy exists for a purpose. It allows the network to be large enough to avoid attack while the transaction volume is too small to support a strong network. Today Bitcoin could have a ~10TH network with no block rewards. Of course it would require a ~7% transaction fee. However it is a catch22. A 7% transaction fee would prevent the transaction volume from growing to ever reduce that fee to a modest sum. The subsidies (which you seem to have blind irrational hatred of) bridge that gap.
c) When you buy an item say alpaca socks for 5 btc. The owner is already going to have to pay income tax on that sale. A 2% sale would show up as a familiar sales tax. 5 btc plus tax or 5.10 btc. Or the seller will most likely just say tax included.
No reason to comment because it has no relevance.
d) Because the currency is not a fiat currency that is stolen at a rate of 10% a year by congress every year so Obama can fly to Hawaii denying 5000 workers of the U.S. the same trip and Gingrich can give a $1.6 million history lesson to Freddie Mac. The tax is not wasted it goes to miners and deflation which should attract more people to the coin. Current owners will advertise for more businesses so the value of their coins go up. Miners will advertise for more business so they can get more mining fees.
Neither is Bitcoin. Also if you think inflation rate is 10% a year in USD well that explains a lot in your failed macro economics.