a. population increase
if more currency didnt get printed, generation growth would happen but each person would have less cash each
You are confusing supply and demand with inflation.
Printing money (increasing fiat supply) doesn't automatically mean inflation. Where that printed money goes can lead to inflation. They also don't print it based on population, they print money (or should print money) based on demand which could be simply referred to as the "production capacity".
But in reality they print money to cover their budget deficits which doesn't go into production so it causes inflation. For example US doesn't print $1 trillion every 100 days because US population is suddenly growing, or the US economy is growing. Neither one of these are happening. What is happening is a massive budget deficit that they have to cover by printing that much money.
you got things completely the wrong way round
populations grow first and naturally so
this then causes demand which needs a supply to meet demand (even before productivity)
good inflation would stay at 2% IF money printing matched population growth and its economic productivity rate
however when they aimlessly over print more than the rate of population+REAL productivity.. that then makes businesses see an influx of too much cash so they raise their price and thats when inflation turns bad
Among every other factor that contributes to inflation growth, I strongly believe overprinting of money by CBN increases the supply in the market, and when the supply in the market is too high, it will in turn decrease the value of the money that is in circulation, and purchasing power will reduce.
One of the things I believe contributes to the high inflation we are facing in the world economy today is the nonstop printing of local currency by the various central banks of each country. They are gradually devaluing the currency through that action.
When the currency in the market is higher than what the citizens demand, it will only result in a high price of goods, which means using more money to buy goods you could get with less currency before due to the low value each of those currencies possesses.