I would say it depends on how you "use" your addresses. If you deposit on a normal exchange that asks for KYC verification, then of course governments can charge taxes over bitcoin, since they can easily know how much profit you are making from trading crypto. In theory they will also be able to track the address you used to deposit on the exchange, so if you use that address for anything else they will know what you are doing.
In the future, if you use bitcoin to purchase goods in a store, and you pay with bitcoin and ask for a receipt, then that address will also get associated to you, so again the government will be able to know how you are using the funds in that address. Don't forget that everything is kept public in the blockchain, so as long a an address gets associated to you, you every move with that address can be tracked.
I think the LN will also help here, and there are some mixing services that could probably help, but I still don't have a lot of information about this.