The difference is that you can trade $5000 with less cash, therefore risking less of your own money. However, your margin capital will take lose 50x faster when the market goes against you.
Also, if you trade a $100 account with 50x leverage, your trading fee will quickly eat up your account. Let's say that you have a trading fee of 0.10%. A position size of $5000 would mean a fee of $5000 x 0.001% = $5. This means that you can only afford 20 trades (without calculating profits/losses).
Now, if you are a decent trader and know how to trade the market, leverage can be used in a good way at lower ratios to boost your winners. Since you can control your losers with a stop loss, any patient trader can make money with leverage if they have a proper strategy. Also as someone previously mentioned, if you trade with a 50x leverage you are going to have a 0.02% liquidation level, meaning, the market can only go against you 0.02% before you are wiped out. If you trade a non-leveraged position of $5000 you don't run the risks of getting liquidated at all. Also, when you trade with leverage you are trading some kind of derivatives contract that derives its value from an underlying asset. For example, if you trade stocks with leverage you are not going to have ownership of that stock and the contract you are trading is just a mirrored contract of the stock price.
The last thing that is different is the overnight roll-over fee. When trading with leverage you are essentially borrowing money from the broker or the exchange and they will almost always ask you to pay this money back plus interest. So, when you hold positions overnight you are charged with a roll-over fee that can be anywhere between 0.02% - 1% depending on the broker. Try
https://leverage.trading/ for more information on this topic, the website is pretty small but it has good information.
So, to sum up:
* The difference in position size is = Same
* The difference in risk = Proportionally more risk for a smaller account
* Trading fees = Same fee which will eat up a smaller account faster
* Roll-over fee = Most leveraged accounts are charged an over-night fee
* Underlying asset = Not owned when trading with leverage