It's interesting that lost bitcoins can likely never be recovered. That seems like additional deflationary pressure over time.
They can't ever be proven as lost either. You just need to trust someones word that they lost their coins. Unless coins are sent to an address for which no corresponding private key could be generated, there's really no way to verify that coins whether coins are lost or if coins could be declared "lost" in an attempt to manipulate the value of the remaining coins (in an extreme instance). The economy shouldn't attempt to "reprice" bitcoin in an attempt to account for coin losses.
True, we will not ever know the accurate numbers. We can guess "at least half" of the BTC still exist (for example), but there will always be a mysterious uncertainty about the actual supply.
It would be possible to recover any bitcoin in the future via forensics as forensic technology is evolving and would be potentially be possible to recover a lost private key that one existed on a computer but is not "gone"