a friend of mine can't access his wallet anymore.
The passwords are not accepted. He probably forgot his password.
This is not good. The wallet cannot be accessed without discovering the correct password.
He probably used an easy password as well.
This helps. As long as the password is "easy" enough, you may be able to brute-force it.
But he hasn't got a backup of the wallet, but he does have the identifier.
As long as you are certain that you have the correct identifier, you shouldn't need a backup of the wallet. If you don't have the correct identifier, you'll either need a backup or you'll need to figure out what the correct identifier is.
Does the identifier represent the encrypted private key?
No. The identifier is a unique identifier created by blockchain.info. It is a reference into their database indicating where the encrypted wallet is stored on their system.
If so, knowing the public key as well, I can try to brute force the password or am I missing something?
The wallet contains 0.22 BTC
To brute-force the password, you'll need to know as much as possible about what the password is likely to be. Then you'll need to use the identifier to get a copy of the encrypted wallet. Then you can attempt to decrypt the wallet with the various possible passwords until you find one that successfully decrypts it.
The website says that when you forget your password, you'll lose all your stored bitcoins.
Correct. The private keys are all encrypted with the password. blockchain.info does not store the password. Therefore, if you don't have the password, you cannot decrypt the private keys.
Edit: I don't think that the identifier represents the encrypted private key.
Correct. The identifier is just information for blockchain.info telling them where on their system they have stored the encrypted wallet.
Edit 2
: I don't think that the public key has anything to do with the blockchain password.
Correct.
He has got an iphone.
Where could the wallet be stored in an iphone?
I'm not sure if they store a copy of the wallet on the phone. Regardless, as long as you have the identifier you should be able to get the wallet from blockchain.info
Where is the wallet stored when accessing the wallet through a browser in windows?
blockchain.info stores it in their database. They send a copy to your browser when you supply the identifier.