Whether all 21M bitcoins were discovered now or some time in the future is irrelevant, it's basically set up like a ponzi scam, where the "miners" who got in when bitcoin started were able to walk away with 2-5 coins a day and today most don't even get 1 per month.
No, I don't think so. This is the whole idea of risk/reward. Take a big risk, get a big reward. Take a small risk, get a small reward. Think about IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Google, etc. Each one of those companies took big risks. Each one of those companies was trying out new things that didn't have a proven track record, and they figured out how to make the ideas work and have been rewarded handsomely. The world is also littered with countless failures. People who had ideas that seemed great at the time, but never really caught on for whatever reason.
In the early days Bitcoin was essentially worthless so all the early adopters were taking a big risk that maybe Bitcoin would become widely adopted and rise in value. Fast forward to today, and one Bitcoin is trading for approximately €440, approximately $490, approximately ¥54,600, or approximately £335, and with sufficient volume and on a sufficient number of exchanges around the world that using Bitcoin to transfer value between two entities is relatively easy.
Today falls into the small risk/small reward zone. If you are getting into Bitcoin now, you already know that Bitcoin is valued, so where is the risk? The biggest known risk is getting scammed by someone you don't know, just like using any "regular" currency. Anyone with access to sufficient compute resources and the internet can set up a wallet, fund it, and start using Bitcoin.
Those early adopters took a flying leap off a cliff on the possibility that this new thing called Bitcoin might gain traction in the future. They didn't really know, but hey, they were willing to try. As Bitcoin evolved to have significant value, the adopters figured out better and better ways to hash the blockchain to collect the reward. The reward worked brilliantly. The reward drove development of new miners, software, and global scale-out. Now, with the reduction in the reward payout, we are at a stage where electricity cost is king, and that is driving the development of even more efficient hardware.
If you'd like another analogy, think about gold mining. It's always been labor intensive, but there was a time where anyone strong enough to wield a pick and shovel and willing to take a risk, could stake a claim and mine for the precious metal. Fast forward to today and look at how the majority of gold is produced. Big huge companies with tremendous amounts of capital deploying tremendously expensive equipment to extract tiny amounts of the precious metal from the ground.
That's sort of where we are today with Bitcoin. The big mining companies/ASIC producers have the capital to deploy the hash rate to gather the lions share of the rewards, but there are still "subsistence miners" and "hobby miners" around the world performing the "hard labor" to find gold flakes or Bitcoin blocks. Why? Because there is still value in doing that. Can they compete with the big guys? No, but they do it anyway for one reason or another.
Bitcoin is no Ponzi scam. Bitcoin is a store of value, like gold is a store of value. Yes, gold has other uses beyond a store of value, but one could also argue that Bitcoin does, too.
Cheers,
- zed