[overview] Recover Bitcoin from any old storage format - page 7.

LoyceV

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Quote from: Coding Enthusiast on August 27, 2018, 11:55:22 PM

Quote from: LoyceV on August 26, 2018, 08:09:32 AM

The last 7 characters of a private key are a checksum.

Apart from the fact that that particular key was missing 7 characters do you have any other reason for saying this?

No, not really. Back when I was dealing with this case, I couldn't find any other way to restore the checksum for the private key.

Quote from: LoyceV on August 26, 2018, 08:09:32 AM

Example: 5KMWmYkn5YWkJnUDG4utD9L1HXQv3DBseqqCGsQXmthc~~EerbA7k~~

I get a different bitcoin address than bitaddress.org gives me.
If I try to import the complete private key, blockchain's wallet doesn't accept it.
If I import the compressed version of the same private key, blockchain.info's wallet gives the right address:

Quote from: LoyceV on August 26, 2018, 08:09:32 AM

WIF Compressed (52 characters base58, starting with "K" or "L".
Example: L41YPdADy46J9Vh77WGR2bktFwEZ6knza2Xim3Urq9CEWynkkLgn

I'll add a link to this post to the OP, as it's unclear what this information is worth at this moment.

Coding Enthusiast

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Quote from: LoyceV on August 26, 2018, 08:09:32 AM

The last 7 characters of a private key are a checksum.

Apart from the fact that that particular key was missing 7 characters do you have any other reason for saying this?
The reason I am asking this is because I can't think of any reason why checksum would be 7 characters! Maybe I am missing some mathematical facts but AFAIK checksum is 4 bytes and 4 bytes encoded with base58encoding will give you between 4 chars to 6 chars. 4 chars being {0, 0, 0, 0} which is equal to 1111 and 6 chars being {255, 255, 255, 255} which is equal to 7YXq9G.

I also ran some random tests for fun and I didn't get a single 7 char!

Code:

Random rnd = new Random();
byte[] bytes = new byte[4];

for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++)
{
rnd.NextBytes(bytes);

var b58enc = BtcB58Encoder.Encode(bytes, true);
if (b58enc.Length == 7)
{
string result = b58enc;
}
}

Also do you have any idea how such keys missing last characters are technically being recovered, apart from the obvious "import it in bc.i"?

TheArchaeologist

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---------> 1231006505

Quote from: LoyceV on August 27, 2018, 08:54:47 AM

How about this: "do this offline!!"?

Sounds great! I know the old one probably would be good enough for most people but somehow you will always run into a few slower ones like me

LoyceV

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Quote from: TheArchaeologist on August 27, 2018, 08:40:46 AM

This might sound a bit stupid but in your thread there are a couple of links and the text (offline!!) following those links. At first I thought you meant those links weren't available at the moment.

The red "offline" links to my big Warning header.

Quote

But I realize you mean you should never enter sensitive stuff like seeds or private keys in an online environment. Maybe you could make the warning a bit clearer?

How about this: "do this offline!!"?

TheArchaeologist

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---------> 1231006505

This might sound a bit stupid but in your thread there are a couple of links and the text (offline!!) following those links. At first I thought you meant those links weren't available at the moment. But I realize you mean you should never enter sensitive stuff like seeds or private keys in an online environment. Maybe you could make the warning a bit clearer?

Nice list/start btw

LoyceV

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Quote from: HeRetiK on August 27, 2018, 06:18:52 AM

Why not link directly to the BIP39 word list as well?

https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039/bip-0039-wordlists.md

It is also worth noting that 24 word seed phrases are also fairly common (eg. Trezor One, Ledger Nano S)

The "12 words" is my placeholder for something that's still incomplete Wink

I have no experience with hardware wallets, so I'll have to search when to use how many words.

Update: I've added this section, and added your link. Please post if there's more to add.

HeRetiK

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Quote from: LoyceV on August 26, 2018, 08:09:32 AM

[...]

Seed phrases

12 words
Or:
Use iancoleman's Mnemonic Code Converter (offline!!) to extract all private keys

[...]

Why not link directly to the BIP39 word list as well?

https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039/bip-0039-wordlists.md

It is also worth noting that 24 word seed phrases are also fairly common (eg. Trezor One, Ledger Nano S)

LoyceV

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Quote from: DaveF on August 26, 2018, 08:49:35 AM

MAKE A BACKUP ON REMOVABLE MEDIA BEFORE DOING ANYTHING.

Added. I can't believe I forgot this one Shocked

Quote from: ?? on ??

1. If user had old wallet/seed format, it's strongly recommended to move the Bitcoin to wallet with newest format.
2. If user decide to move their Bitcoin to different address, it's recommended to use SegWit address.

I don't want to recommend using newer formats for reasons of compatibility. It can be a complication on a fork, that's why I'll leave it up to the user to decide.
SegWit has it's benefits, but to me a (paper wallet with a) legacy private key feels as if it will be much easier to recover 20 years from now.
To keep the OP compact, I'll add a link to this post. I was hoping to add another link to a better and easier explanation about SegWit, but I mainly find websitse about it's activation.

Quote

3. For user with security concern, i recommend to verify installer's signature/checksum

Added.

DaveF

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When recovering the wallet.dat or the default_wallet OR ANY OTHER ACTUAL FILE.
MAKE A BACKUP ON REMOVABLE MEDIA BEFORE DOING ANYTHING.
Hell make several, just in case.
Let me bold that a bit more:
MAKE A BACKUP ON REMOVABLE MEDIA BEFORE DOING ANYTHING.
Don't put it in your Dropbox / google drive / Microsoft one drive. Just keep it local on media you control.
This way if you damage the file for whatever reason, no big deal.

And when you are done, you can destroy the media and know 100% it's gone.

-Dave

LoyceV

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[overview] Recover Bitcoin from any old storage format

Background
I've seen many threads like: Recovering weird old wallet, and the answer is often very easy if someone recognizes the format.
Since the number of different formats will only grow, and (in the future) I expect more people to forget what format they used to store their Bitcoin 10 or more years ago, I've decided to create an overview.
The aim of this thread is to give a complete overview for anyone who finds Bitcoins in any storage format.

Work in progress
This thread is work in progress. Please post any missing storage formats or additional identifying data, so I can add it to the OP (and give you credit). I haven't tried all possible wallets by myself, and I won't claim to know all possible formats either. If you find a thread asking about a format not covered yet, please post a link.

Warning: take security precautions
First: make one or more backups (thanks DaveF)! Make sure you're not working on the only copy you have, as you risk losing everything.
Make sure you know what you're doing, before doing it! When in doubt, don't do it.
Ignore or report unsolicited private messages from old or new users. Discuss your needs in public on Bitcointalk, but DO NOT post your private keys, seed phrase words, or wallet files. DO NOT trust "help" you receive by PM, you will get scammed. Be careful which screenshots you upload.
Don't trust anybody with your private keys, unless you're absolutely sure you would trust him with the same amount in cash.
Several websites try to have you download a compromised wallet. Ensure you're using the official website before downloading, and check the installer's signature/checksum (thanks ETFbitcoin).
Use an air gapped offline computer running from a Linux LIVE DVD (for example Ubuntu or Knoppix) without internet connection when necessary.
Don't expost large amounts of Bitcoin to a hot wallet. Assume your system is compromised, and act accordingly. Don't trust your Windows clipboard, malware can change your Bitcoin address to their own, and checking only the first few characters of the address is not enough to prevent this.
If you're using a paper wallet, you should use the entire balance at once. If you use only a small amount, you risk losing the rest of your balance to a change address.

Where to send your Bitcoins
Before attempting to recover your funds, you should already know where to send them after recovery. Setting up a safe wallet is beyond the scope of this thread, I recommend to start your search here: Choose your [Bitcoin] Wallet. Consider whether or not you want to use a SegWit address.
Create one or more secure backups before funding any wallet.

Bitcoin private keys (this section is largely based on data from bitaddress.org)

WIF (Wallet Import Format) (51 characters base58, starting with "5").
Example: 5KMWmYkn5YWkJnUDG4utD9L1HXQv3DBseqqCGsQXmthcEerbA7k
WIF Compressed (52 characters base58, starting with "K" or "L").
Example: L41YPdADy46J9Vh77WGR2bktFwEZ6knza2Xim3Urq9CEWynkkLgn
Note: both WIF and WIF Compressed are derived from the same private key, but result in different Bitcoin addresses.
Private Key Hexadecimal (64 characters [0-9A-F]) (less common).
Example: CA9A061710B8BC582E1B8BB60D0F3F2751791888AB5C18737620087ABDF74A05
Private Key (44 characters base64) (less common).
Example: ypoGFxC4vFguG4u2DQ8/J1F5GIirXBhzdiAIer33SgU=
Mini private key (22, 26 or 30 characters base58, starting with "S", see wiki or this post)
Example: Sf2i92UoH3kMooYXHdDQ4YQvLTdPrQ
BIP38 password encrypted private key (58 characters base58, starting with "6P", see bitaddress.org, click Wallet Details).
Example: 6PRNqE9p5hTUgNy5cxXnrfVKZPX5Qz8sqB7oNfDT9N3YdCM7rqRxruxkN1
Private key missing checksum
Example: 5KMWmYkn5YWkJnUDG4utD9L1HXQv3DBseqqCGsQXmthc~~EerbA7k~~
The last 7 characters of a private key are a checksum. Blockchain.info backups used to omit the checksum. An easy way to restore it, is importing the private key without checksum into a new wallet at blockchain.info (nowadays blockchain.com), and then exporting it again. Note: I do not recommend exposing a private key to an online wallet, but if it was created by Blockchain.info, it should be considered compromised anyway (source and details; this information may be inaccurate (thanks Coding Enthusiast)).
Private key for SegWit addresses
A private key can be used to create SegWit addresses (starting with "3" or "bc1"). You can import them into Electrum by adding "p2wpkh-p2sh:" or "p2wpkh:" respectively in front of the private key (source and details).
Incomplete private key
If a few characters of a private key are lost, there are still recovery options (missing 5 character on known locations, missing one character on unknown location (I haven't tested this)), but further details would go beyond the scope of this thread.
Blockstack
If you have Bitcoin in a CLI Blockstack node, read this topic and this topic.
Coinbase multisig Vault
If you have Coinbase multisig Vault, read this topic and this post.

If you have the private key, you can choose from many different wallets to import it. Electrum is probably the easiest. If the private key is in the wrong format, you can use bitaddress.org (do this offline!!) to convert it to WIF or WIF Compressed.

Determine wallets based on filenames (note: these are the default filenames, you could have renamed yours)

wallet.dat
Use Bitcoin Core
Note: many altcoins use(d) the same filename, in that case you won't find any Bitcoins in your wallet.
default_wallet
Use Electrum.
bitcoin-wallet-backup-YYYY-MM-DD. Example: bitcoin-wallet-backup-2015-12-31
Use Bitcoin Wallet on Android or do a manual recovery (Howto).

Seed phrases, Word lists or Mnemonic phrases
Bitcoin wallets can be stored as seed phrases, usually 12 to 24 words long. The used words can be in several languages (thanks HeRetiK).

12 words
Example: thrive jump wheel calm eyebrow order ankle raven fee narrow diamond adult
The seed can be extended with one or more custom words.
Use Electrum, or iancoleman's Mnemonic Code Converter (do this offline!!) to extract all private keys. See here if you want to use an Electrum seed with Iancoleman.
24 words
Hardware wallets, such as Trezor and Ledger, usually use 24 words.
Example: party describe tunnel brother explain laugh hello have short wood bird desk liar pole neck push wine tooth young mean grain join cheap aisle
Use the original hardware wallet, or iancoleman's Mnemonic Code Converter (do this offline!!) to extract all private keys.
A common mistake is using the words in the wrong order, where the words are written down like this:
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
But you're trying to recover them like this: 1 3 5 7 ...... 2 4 6 8 ......
Another number of words
If you don't remember how the list was created, you can use iancoleman's Mnemonic Code Converter (do this offline!!) to extract all private keys.
Missing or incorrect word(s)
Try seedrecover.py (I haven't tested this) (do this offline!!) (thanks o_e_l_e_o). Updated link: here.
Master private key (111 characters, starting with "xprv" (legacy addresses starting with "1"), "yprv" (backward-compatible SegWit addresses starting with "3") or "zprv" (native SegWit addresses starting with "bc1") (source).
Example: xprv9xyQEZakyfuyCRGF1moJNatpGDAgMS4hgctAgWU4RNw664qCz6agreZParHx6G24td48SZKnmK8 ppSVMvmyBuTy9L4poDhwgm9aR9GukgQW (source & further reading)
Use Electrum > create new wallet > enter seed.
Armory Root Key: 18 four letter "words".
Example (from bitkee.com): eoaj gghu ruaf ghwe jnrh ftuu hweu aeun agkg tudt waja gunn oawg jkwh dhei hjdn itar naoj
Use Armory.
Blockchain.info: To recover an old legacy Blockchain.info wallet, read this topic and go here.
mSIGNA wallet: This wallet uses a non-standard implementation of 24 seed words. Read this topic for recovery options.

No wallet?
If you can't find your wallet.dat, because it's deleted or renamed, you can try these options (do this offline!!) after you've made a backup of the entire partition.

Pywallet can search for private keys on an entire partition, even when the wallet has been deleted.
Findwallet can search for a wallet file after it was renamed (but not deleted)

After recovery
If your address was funded early enough, you also own Forkcoins. Read the link, it may be well worth your time.
For future backups, make sure to keep all information needed to recover your funds.

No spam
All my threads are now self-moderated to stop signature spam. I will remove all irrelevant posts. If you quote the entire OP, your entry will be deleted.
Once in a while I'll summarize posts and clean up this thread.

Altcoins
This thread and board are meant for Bitcoin only. But, if something comes up, I'll keep track of methods to restore a damaged private key for altcoins too. For future reference:

Stellar Lumens private key (56 characters base32, starting with "S")
If 1 or 2 characters are incorrect, try StellarCracker (by Coding Enthusiast)

Disclaimer
Use this information at your own risk. At all times, think before each action, especially when you're dealing with private keys. When in doubt, don't do it!
I'm human, I make mistakes. If something is incorrect, please let me know.

Donations
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Topic: [overview] Recover Bitcoin from any old storage format - page 7. (Read 8731 times)