Is it actually
importprivkey xxxxxxxxxx mybitcoinsatDec2017 rescan where xxxxxxxxxx is the private key and is "label" just a name for reference? What does (rescan) do and do I type it without the brackets?
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That would be allmost correct, the rescan is either True or False not "rescan", just open the debug window, and enter this command... The label and the rescan are optional... You don't really need to enter those.
Where do you get the private key? Well, that was what the other posters and myself were telling you: you can use python (there is also a way to generate a script to derive keys from an xprv that can be written in python), or you use python to create a single private key (non hd), or you use bitaddress,...
Or you take the easy route and just use electrum for everything, in that case you don't need to worry about creating private keys and importing them...
I bought and sold Bitcoins using a previous computer and I encrypted that Bitcoin-qt wallet.
I have just built a new computer, installed Bitcoin-qt 15.1 and downloaded the blockchain. Very pleased as it only took about 8 hours. )
What happens now when I swap the default wallet.dat (that shows zeros) with my actual wallet.dat that holds all my Bitcoins.
Is the encryption in my wallet.dat file?
Or do I load my wallet.dat file and then encrypt the new Bitcoin-qt wallet, and if so can I use a different password?
No, if you swap your new (empty) wallet.dat with the old one, the encryption is still there.
As for the last question i found in your post: what does the HD mean: it means your new wallet is deterministic. It is deriving pk's=>public keys=>addrsses from an xprv, so you only need to backup your new wallet once.. .The non-deterministic wallets generate a random key each time you use a new address, so you need to backup this wallet at least every 100 actions you make.