Currently, Google has launched its own quantum computer and many newspapers have reported that the rest of the world's bitcoin will be mined within 2 minutes. I do not believe it will happen because it is a hypothesis. Google will probably make more money if they don't mine the rest because their search, advertising, and translation services have helped them make more money and stability than the money they dig. If they own the remaining 3 million bitcoins, they cannot liquidate them for a while.
So are quantum computers theoretically going to be able to both hack private keys and mine Bitcoins faster? I was not aware of the mining aspect, but it makes sense. What about the cost of mining with quantum computers? Will it cost more or less to mine?
Yes, and i would say it is easier to mine faster than crack keys. How fast i don't know, but maybe its a bit slower than "2 mins the reminder of coins". Until the diff adjusts they will be able to mine quite fast, but if they don't finish before the next diff adjust, i'm sure the diff will go "moon" and slow them down to 10 mins again
Suffice to say, this would kick out everyone else from mining, at least everyone doing it for profit... I can imagine someone in control of such computer to attempt and mine some bitcoin just for fun, but they need to code their miner first. The current quantum computers are still too primitive to worry, but in a few decades they might be able to mine bitcoin just fine. I guess that is yet another nail in the mining for profit coffin... Actually, some software for quantum computers has been written but it is theoretical, as the computers that would run them don't exist yet...
For this there is no solution but to change the algorithm. I doubt that will happen, it is the same argument to the "why not change the algo to be asic resistant?" I guess quantum computers will put an end to asic mining. I doubt that will be very profitable to justify some mad whale investing in building a quantum computer for that reason. But i can imagine someone operating an institutional one giving it a try "for testing".