What it most likely does is connect to 1 of the hot lines and the center pin which for appliances using that style of 220v plug is a power Neutral along with being a (sorta) Ground tied to the metal appliance cabinet. That gives you the 110VAC.
Yes it meets Code. Sorta.
Appliance makers used to be allowed to do that so there is 110VAC available in the appliance for things like timers and light bulbs.
2 Problems with that: 1st is that you have no true safety ground.
Yes Neutral and Ground are tied together at the main panel but -- once you start pulling power through the Neutral the plug end of it WILL be a few volts above ground. Just the nature of the setup. Under the original intent (timers/light bulbs) the power through the Neutral was negligible so the voltage difference was not of major concern. However, these days most areas require a 4-wire connection - 2 hot, 1 Neutral for 110v needs, and 1 real Ground as a 'Just-in-Case'.
2nd issue is that the breaker feeding the 220v plug is now under unbalanced load because only 1 hot line is drawing power through the 1 side of it vs both sides being under load. Yes it should/will work if needed but it simply was not designed to operate like that.