But she was acting. She was seeking employment in the food service industry. That action directly caused harm.
That action
may have caused
indirect harm. At no point did (prior to her first arrest) had Mary done anything with either the knowledge of possible harm, nor the intent to do so. She was simply trying to seek income in the occupation for which she was trained & most profitable for herself.
Her second arrest was most certainly a different matter, as she had been informed of (at a minimum) the
possibility that she was a carrier, and had agreed to refrain from working in food service. But I'm talking about how this all started, not how it ended.
No, that action
directly caused the typhoid outbreaks for which she was responsible. We could probably go back and forth over direct/indirect, but the fact is, she caused those outbreaks. Until her first quarantine, she may have been unwitting, but even accidental harm still requires recompense.
Her working life would have been like the "Rain god" character in Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy for she would not have been able to discern any differences between her life as a cook and anyone else's because she was never known to talk about much with any other cooks she might have encountered.
Now, this is a fine point. Still, it only works up until that first quarantine.
Given the information they had at the time, an AnCap society might have done almost the same thing, but like I said, there would have been an arbitration case. Who knows, maybe Mary was innocent.
Maybe the first time. Doubtful the second time.
If she was innocent (not "not guilty," innocent - totally free of any wrong-doing) the first time, she was the second. Since it's doubtful she was not a carrier, then it's doubtful she was innocent.
As does the NAP. If a minority of the society act against the NAP, and those are seen and treated as criminals, the society works just fine, same as with the two laws. I reiterate, the second law is essentially the NAP restated.
While I agree that the results would be the same, I don't agree that the context is the same, nor do I believe that the context here is irrelevent. Mayberry's laws, being general laws, can actually be violated as a matter of course by a small minority of people. And these people are the very government agents we have today that regularly violate principles & common decency, and yet the society as a whole persists despite them. Maybery's laws can also violate each other, under specific circumstances, and then those involved must choose which one to abide in each case. The NAP, as a personal moral code, can only be rationally suspended once
another person has initiated violence, and as such must be practically dropped altogether in the event that a social breakdown (such as a civil war) were to present the individual with multiple, unidentifiable risks. As Mayberry's Laws are laws of civilizations as a whole, they are only guidelines for the individual.
They sure don't read like guidelines. They read like laws. The only time Maybery's laws can violate each other is when you've agreed to do something that would infringe upon someone's person or property. If you can suspend your duty to follow the second law simply by agreeing to violate it, why have it at all?
Also, the NAP is violated as a matter of course by government agents as well, and as you say, society persists, though certainly not a peaceful one.
I'm looking for an actual anarchist to either improve my argument, or present a better one, that a government (i.e. an institution with a monopoly on the use of force) is not a requirement.
Well, first, to answer your question, there are a number of ways a health inspection agency can be funded without taxation. First and foremost, is the donation (charity) model. A charity organization formed to promote the public health might come in and ask if they can test the food, etc. Alternatively, it could be funded by the institutions and restaurants (and possibly even private residences) that it inspects. That little "A" sticker in the window might be worn as a badge of pride, rather than simply the required cost of doing business. (Yes, I know those are a recent innovation, but you get the point.) Note that neither of these methods really give the health agency the ability to force their way in and demand an inspection, but if people are getting sick, you're probably going to be calling someone in to find out why anyway.
Secondly, to improve upon your example:
"Mary would have been arrested by the 'medical establishment', and her own security company would have immediately challenged the quarantine."
Mary most likely would not have been arrested, but if she were determined to be the likely cause of the outbreaks, she would have been tested. Diplomacy would most likely have had to been used, perhaps using the ploy that it was to clear her of suspicion, rather than to prove she's guilty. You be surprised how many people agree to being tested, if only you tell them that it's to prove them innocent, rather than to prove them guilty.
Once proof came back that she was, indeed, the carrier, most likely she would have had to agree to not seek employment in the food service industry. She might have had to pay restitution for the damages she caused, but the judgments would likely have been light. As you pointed out, she didn't mean any harm, and like the "rain god", probably simply thought people got typhoid a lot in the US.
On that second offense, though, that's when things start getting harsh. Even if she didn't flee her job at the woman's hospital, she still took it, after agreeing not to. At that point she is forcibly quarantined, and allowed to support herself, probably through a laundress job there at the facility.