Is bitcoin really viable as a peer-to-peer electronic cash?
Due to high transaction costs and slow transaction speeds, how can we ever use bitcoin to purchase, for example, a Sprite and a bag of potato chips at a gas station? If I want to send a micropayment, for example, of 1000 sats on-chain I can pretty much forget about it because miners can’t afford to and as a result the transaction hangs out in the memepool indefinitely. I had a lot of hope for lightning network, but I am now starting to have doubts about its long-term success. What happens when someone using lightning wants to settling a microtransaction on the bitcoin blockchain?
Can you use coins and paper notes to pay for an online order? No. Does that mean that coins and paper notes are not viable forms of cash? No. The fact that Bitcoin is not the best option for certain kinds of transactions does not mean that it is not viable.
The proper question is, "are there any kinds of transactions in which Bitcoin is a viable option?" The answer to that is probably yes.
Isn't bitcoin mining dangerously centralized? What if in the future there is a terrorist attack by government or other criminal orgs that involve bombing or burning large bitcoin mining facilities?
There are so many bitcoin mining facilities that I don't think that is a real danger. There are many more bitcoin mining facilities than there are Federal Reserve offices.
Satoshi writes in the bitcoin white paper that we propose a solution to the double spending problem, but has this really been achieved? Double spends are still possible with a 51% attack, so what solution to double spending has been achieved? Can't large mining pools conspire to attack bitcoin?
Keep in mind that every monetary system is vulnerable to some kind of attack. There is never any perfect solution.