Funny you brought this here, because today came news about the Maduro regime hastily selling gold to the United Arab Emirates, and there are rumors gold was sent in "that Russian plane", possibly with their families.
I posted this in the Fit to Talk project, and I hoped to get some replies from Venezuelans.
Venezuela is selling a large consignment of gold to the UAE, and I find the political ramification quite fascinating. Because of the US sanctions, Venezuela is probably having to offer a 5% or so discount on the price, and the UAE will be able to melt the gold and recast it, and thus gain its full value. They are paying in Euro, and it is not clear how this money will be used. It is claimed that it will be used to purchase food, but it is more likely that it will be used to purchase light crude oil to replace the oil it purchased from the US. This can be mixed with the heavy Venezuelan oil to create a product that can be sold on the open market. This has two damaging effects on the US. Not only is it depriving the US of a useful oil exchange, but it is introducing yet more oil sales that are not based on the dollar. Maduro will be gaining the revenue from both the sale of the gold, and the sale of the heavy Venezuelan oil, and this could well be diverted.
So what can the US do about it> Not a lot in my opinion. The UAE is assisting the US in its attempt to force regime change in Iran, so they won't want to rock that boat. There is also the problem of Maduro's grasp on the army. The US want a number of senior Venezuelan army officers to be prosecuted for drug offences and other alleged crimes, so they are likely to continue to support Maduro.
I'll try to get some more info,and take the article to the political board here.
Last I read/heard news about it (yesterday), the US applied pressure to the UAE and the transaction was halted. The Russians probably got theirs. This gold is from the national reserve, its not supposed to be used for anything, just stored safely. Traditionally in the central bank but some is kept abroad. Because Maduro is not recognized as the legitimate president, no orders coming from him or his officials need to be obeyed by the countries who have officially backed Guaidó and denounced Maduro's usurpation.
There is also the problem of the more recent gold being extracted by destroying thousands of acres of millennial rain forest, and the killing of people due to the organized crime involved in its "illegal" extraction which is then conveniently seized by the military who then in turns sells it
About the heavy oil refineries, indeed they belong to Citgo, which in turn belongs to Venezuela, its a Venezuelan State owned company.
Due to mismanagement and lack of maintenance, the largest heavy oil refineries within Venezuela itself stopped, and they hastily came up with buying both lighter crude oil and fuel already processed, this of course is given away almost for free to the population, ruining what little money could be coming to the State oil company PDVSA, and is estimated 2/3rds of it gets smuggled out of the country anyway, with military complicity...
Citgo has been put under control of President Guaidó. The US has not issued an embargo against Venezuela, but against specific individuals from the Maduro regime. After Maduro ordered the American embassy closed, he also ordered the diplomats in the US to leave. However Guaidó has told them to disobey the usurper and stay. Some diplomats are leaving, but others staying. Something similar is happening in all Venezuelan institutions, including the military. Usually those who express support to Guaidó (in Venezuela) get imprisoned, but more and more are rebelling, and its only a matter of time.
There is general anger to the Maduro regime, he is literally the reason Venezuela got it its worth inflation in history, and there is more to tell of his wrongdoings, but i'll stop for now. Regime change is wished by the vast majority of Venezuelans, including former Chavez supporters. It is THAT bad.
There is a good video whose English version finally came out and I was waiting to share a link here so you can all understand the situation better: