Inflation is one of the economic terms that is often misunderstood. In a good economic system, controlled inflation is necessary to create value on the commodity and to force consumers to spend instead of displacing. As an example of the importance of inflation (in its simple sense, which means an increase in product prices), we can ask why prices do not increase in Japan[1] and how It was bad for the economy[2].
The biggest misunderstanding that Japan can help overcome is that by simply printing money you don't always generate inflation, inflation is not just the result of throwing money at your citizens, it's the result of your citizens spending that money in a way that the manufacturing and service sector can't keep up with it.
From the article, I have a few questions.
If the cost of a product is $20 for example, there is no way that product can be sold for $15 just because that's the price that the people will buy. No company would operate like that. A company would food eventually if they followed this business model. The goal is to make a profit, so if they're not making a profit then there's no point in the business.
Or, they're making a profit but not much. For example, they make just $2 out of a $20 product. Isn't that a good thing that a company can't exploit people and make excessive profits off of them?
The first thing when analyzing how a company is run is to drop your bias about the company making excessive profits just because it sells stuff you think is worth 1$ for 10$. There are so many costs in the process of selling a product that sometimes they completely overshadow the production costs, not even mention the initial investment, yeah I pay $100 for a bag of grain that will earn me in autumn 20 tons of wheat so I should sell the wheat for 1 cents a kilo, except for the fact that one s770 harvester costs 300k!
Another thing is that operating at a loss might be better than shutting down, it all depends on the sunken cost some might just go like this for years as pulling completely out would trigger heavier losses, the best example comes actually from bitcoin mining, there are tens of them trapped in this, if they stop mining at 1 cents profit they incur such heavy losses that they don't even want to think about.
Does it mean that the forces of demand and supply don't play a role in the determination of prices in Japan? From the article, I can conclude that it is the people who determine the price, so no matter how the market is, the buyers still determine the price.
The buyers always determine the price, if people stop buying the price will either go down or the company will go out of business, if the people clean up the shelves the investors and the board of that company would have to be stupid not to increase the price, wouldn't you do the same?
The devaluation of currency can be caused by inflation.
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Inflation will always cause the devaluation of a currency, devaluation of a currency will also result, although in some cases with a bit of a delay, in inflation, at least when it comes to consumer prices.