“It doesn't mean a short-term crisis, but it does mean we are going to be poorer in the long term,” David Kelly, chief global strategist at JPMorgan Asset Management, told CNN. The U.S. owes a lot of its debt to foreign investors, particularly China and Japan.
“That means American taxpayers will be paying for the retirement of the people in China and Japan, who are our creditors,” Kelly said.
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The fact that the US owes something to Japan is not a tragedy, given that we know that the country is already on the list of the biggest foreign collaborators in terms of anything since the time they bombed them with atomic bombs and have remained occupied to this day - here I am thinking primarily of Japanese politics that is prone to the US all the time.
China is a whole other story, but according to data from 2021, China owns only
3.68% of that debt, or about $1.065 trillion, which cannot be considered too much to keep the US at a disadvantage. In addition, there is a reason why China and Japan want the US dollar to be more valuable than their national currencies - it helps them export to the US.
Japan owned $1.32 trillion in U.S. Treasurys in July 2021, making it the largest foreign holder of the national debt. The second-largest holder is China, which owns $1.07 trillion of U.S. debt. Both Japan and China want to keep the value of the dollar higher than the value of their own currencies. This helps to keep their exports to the U.S. affordable, which helps their economies grow.
The debt structure is very interesting, but it should be noted that only about $7 trillion is in the hands of foreign countries and investors, while about the same amount the US owes to itself. Although it seems like a real mess, I don't believe that's the case - they have a plan to get out of it - Japan, China, or some other country will fail rather than the US.
The Treasury owes this part of the debt to other federal agencies. Intragovernmental holdings totaled more than $6 trillion in October 2021
Why would the government owe money to itself? Because some agencies, like the Social Security Trust Fund, take in more revenue from taxes than they need. These agencies then invest in U.S. Treasurys rather than stick this cash under a giant mattress, This transfers the agencies' excess revenue to the general fund, where it's spent. They redeem their Treasury notes for funds as needed. The federal government then either raises taxes or issues more debt to raise the cash.