This is a very simple view of things, and it is based on the popular current misrepresentation that the United States is evil.
I don't think the US is evil, in fact, I love the country and (most) of the people because I live and was born here. I just think the US Federal government has been incompetent in handling finances. It has pretty much abused its status as the world's reserve currency and now its citizens (including myself and much of my family) are going to suffer similar to what has happened to Japan (and London in the 70s) with decreased opportunity.
The truth is that the United States has been able, and willing, to invest heavily in other parts of the world, at great cost, and with uncertain rewards, and to do so when no one else would. You can see the same major cycle working at least 3 times since World War II.
First, the United States was the only industrial country still intact after the war, so the rebuilding of Europe was financed on the backs of American workers. I don't mean to diminish the part that Europeans played in rebuilding their own countries, they certainly did a lot too. But the miracle came from across the Atlantic.
Next, the US attempted to do the same thing with a whole bunch of Asian countries in the 70s and 80s. The mechanism was different, but it was essentially the same plan. The results were spectacular again, but short lived. This was mostly because Asia is not Europe. Japan was the standout, apparently possessing more of whatever it was that made Europe work, but demographics caught up with them.
I don't disagree with any of this.
You can see the same thing playing out in China over the last 20 years or so. Almost by itself, the United States has made it possible for the typical Chinese to aspire to be a factory worker, rather than the peasant his father was. This may not seem like a great deal. After all, no one in developed countries wants to be a factory worker. But apparently it is to them, because they have thousands of applicants for each factory position.
The only thing I'd want to make sure is pointed out is that while we actively labored to rebuild Europe and Japan, we have not labored to put China into it's Industrial Revolution. The only thing the US has done here is "spend". We buy products, but the hard work and ingenuity has been on China's end. Yes, they are having growing problems and there are certainly some quality issues that need to be worked out, but China is definitely improving every day, and the standard of living for Asian countries around them is increasing by leaps and bounds as well.
Put simply, China and SE Asia is where it is at right now.
The popular narrative is that the United States is trading worthless dollars to the rest of the world, in exchange for useful, valuable products. The part that is always left out is that the United States is bleeding out productive capital, the real wealth, to places around the world in hopes that some day both sides will be better off for it.
This is the part I don't understand. If wealth is leaving the US, then why are we printing more dollars?
Hugo is right, there were already issues in the 50s and 60s, but I do think the closing of the gold window was clearly the point when this turned from "Why are they doing this?" into "Oh god, they are really doing this..." with regards to a monetarist-like outlook on a government-run economy. I don't know if I could ever say the Federal Reserve has ever adopted a strictly Keynesian or Austrian policy with regards to the Federal Reserve, because I think both would reject a lot of the fundamental reasons why we need a Federal Reserve to begin with.