Your argument as to the cost of mining destroying wealth is not new [ ... ] however there is no "destruction" of economic value as the payments are still in circulation just not in the BTC economic network. Until those that sell us the electricity begin to use and hold BTC.
As I have explained several times before: When you are computing your personal wealth, or the wealth of a company, or even the wealth of a city, it is proper to count banknotes, bank deposits, stock certificates, treasury bonds, and other tokens as wealth, together with the market value of your real wealth -- cars, buildings, furniture, jewelry, etc. That is because such tokens can be exchanged with people outside the unit (you, the company, etc.) for additional real wealth.
However, when evaluating the wealth of a whole country, or of the whole world, it is wrong to include the tokens that cannot be exchanged with anyone outside that larger unit. Just as you cannot count the chips issued by a cassino, at face value, as part of the cassino's capital.
Thus, when considering the cost of mining at the global scale, one must look first at the
real wealth that is destroyed or created; not at the destruction or creation of of dollar bills and bank balances, which is of course zero. Mining actually consumes electricity, that could be used to light homes or make aluminum; and electronic equipment, that must be discarded after a year or two of service. Assuming that mining now must be barely profitable, if at all, we can estimate the dollar value of this consumed wealth as being close to 1 million dollars per day. That is, the real cost of mining is roughly equivalent to demolishing half a dozen houses in my neighborhood, every day.
On the other hand, we defintely must consider the flows of wealth-representing tokens (mainly dollars and bitcoins) to estimate the transfers of real wealth between the various players. The flows include the amounts paid and received by traders, the profits of miners, the fees charged by banks, bitcoin exchanges, etc.. However, in order to see the concrete effects of those flows, we must eliminate the tokens at the end of the analysis, and focus on the changes in the real wealth of the individuals that they imply.
Specifically, it is certain that, each average day, the "bitcoin system" must remove more than one million dollars worth of real wealth from some set of "losers", who end the day with less real wealth than they had a day before. As said above, the system destroys somewhat less than 1 M$ of real wealth per day, in the form of electricity, equipment, and other goods and services that are irrecoverably consumed by mining and other activities such as running the exchanges; and that wealth ultimately must come from the "losers". The rest of the wealth that is removed from "losers" goes to increase the real wealth of:
* the miners (as mining profits),
* the exchanges and other bitcoin service companies (as fees),
* another set of people, the "winners", who find themselves richer than they were a day before.
Today's "losers" may become "winners" tomorrow, and then they may recover some of the wealth that they lost, and perhaps even become wealthier than they were before. But, at the global and individual level, the things will not balance in the end; quite the opposite. Again, as a whole, the bitcoin system takes almost 1 million dollars worth of real wealth per day from the losers, and destroys it. Individually, the sets of winners and losers will tend to grow, and the wealth gained by the winners will keep increasing, and the wealth lost by the losers will keep increasing even faster.
Winners who leave the system with a profit, and do not come back, will never become losers; so the wealth that they took from the losers will never return to them. As I said before, there seems to be no data at all on the magnitude of this "pyramid effect" of the bitcoin system, the amount of wealth it transfers from losers to winners (besides what gets destroyed or passed on to miners and skimmers). However, we now that many people have left the system with considerable gains. Given the volume of bitcoins that get traded each day, on the exchanges and privately, I would guess that the losers lose at least 1.5 M$/day, and the winners gain at least 0.5 M$/day. Does anyone have a better estimate?
How unstable was trade back in the 1500s?
Trade was more complicated than now, because there were many more currencies in circulation, and the relatively slow communication channels made their relative values more uncertain. However, the accountants of the Spanish Empire, for example, used a stadardized currency unit -- the "maravedi" -- from the late 1400s into the 1600s and beyond. Originally it was a copper coin, but the maravedi remained in use as unit of accounting for a century or more after the coins disappeared from circulation. Thanks to that standardization, and the extensive bureaucracy of the Empire, we can now learn, for example,
how much Columbus's expedition cost, and how expensive it was in relation to the cost of other things.