Fortress is turning its direct investment of 13 M$ in Bitcoin into an investment in a hedge fund.
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5877fff0-aefb-11e3-a088-00144feab7de.html#axzz303O1FxGuThis is what I understood, please correct me if I am wrong:
* Fortress owned 13 M$ worth of Bitcoins. (They posted a loss in its Bitcoin investments not long ago, because of the falling BTC prices).
* They have now given the bitcoins to Pantera, in exchange of ownership of a slice of Pantera Capital Management.
* Pantera Capital Management is not a bitcoin investment per se; it manages Pantera Bitcoin Partners (PBP) fund.
* PBP is like SecondMarket's Bitcoin Investment Trust (SMBIT). Other investors can buy shares of PBP, which will buy bitcoins for them at current marekt price and hold them. After some time the investors may liquidate, and then PBP will sell those bitcoins at current market price and give the money to them. (Meanwhile those PBP investors, like the SMBIT investors may perhaps get a chance to trade PBP shares -- privately, or on some specific exchange.)
* If the price goes up in between investment and liquidation, the PBP investors will make a profit. If the price goes down, they will lose money. If bitcoin goes to the moon, they will be billionaires. If bitcoin crashes to zero, they will lose all their investment.
* Whatever happens to bitcoin price, Pantera Capital Management (hence Fortress) will make money by collecting fees from PBP investors
(a few percent of their investment and eventual profits).
* With a bit of luck, Pantera Capital Management (and hence Fortress) may make additional money by buying bitcoins below market and "selling" them to new PBP investors at market price.
* At some point in the past, the PBP fund already had investors who invested 140 M$ in it. therefore, it should have bought that much of bitcoins. (It is not known when they bought and how many BTC the PBP fund now holds.)
It seems that Fortress (like SecondMarket, Pantera, Bitpay, KNC, the exchanges, etc.) found a way to make money from the bitcoin phenomenon, while avoiding the risks of investing directly in bitcoin or bitcoin-based funds.