What happens to my two Bitcoins (just for example) if I lose my security key? I do not have any Bitcoin at the moment. But, I am quickly learning about Bitcoin as I want to very soon make my very first purchase of some amount of it. My question has to do with there being a finite amount of Bitcoin in circulation. Today about 17,000,000 (17 million) Bitcoins are in existence. By year 2140 as I understand it there will be no more than 21,000,000 (21 million) Bitcoins in existence. Furthermore, my understanding is that I am the only person with access to my Bitcoin through my private security key. Now, my question is. If I lose my security key to, let's say, one of my Bitcoin wallets that has maybe 2 Bitcoin in it. Then, what happens to that 2 Bitcoin in the context of the 17 million Bitcoin currently in existence. Who can find and use those 2 Bitcoin that I "lost". Or, do those 2 Bitcoin get lost forever, because I'm presuming no one ever will find/guess my lost security key? An analogy is, if I lose a hundred dollar bill, someone will likely find it and be able to use it to put it back into market circulation. However, if the hundred dollar bill gets flushed down a sewer drain, then it gets permanently removed from market circulation. So, I'm wondering, do the 2 Bitcoins in my example that I "lost", do they permanently get removed from market circulation. And, if so, then does that mean that in 2140 there will be 2 Bitcoins fewer in the total market circulating, for example, 21,000,000-2 would make it 20,999,998 Bitcoins in circulation. Or, can those 2 lost Bitcoins be *replaced* by Bitcoin mining over time so that the market has the full 21 million in circulation.
Your Bitcoin (whole or part) are stored in an address; those addresses are accessible via private keys (one per address). If you lose the private key to any particular address, you lose whatever amount of Bitcoin in it.
Your Bitcoin can be contained in multiple addresses within a wallet - wallets can be backed up using a passphrase which will give you access to the entire wallet and all keys in it (provided they were generated by the same wallet software and not imported). If lose the passphrase to the wallet, you will lose all addresses associated with the wallet and all Bitcoin associated with each address.
Lost Bitcoins will never be replaced.