did Satoshi Nakomoto predict companies customizing hardware that will outhash the average person's GPU and thus turn the people holding bitcoin into large capital surplused institutions?
He'd be pretty naive if he didn't foresee a future where people would strive for better performance and faster hash rates, or at the least improvements in efficiency.
After all FPGA's and ASIC have been used for exactly that in many other similar industries since they were first designed, to do relatively simple tasks ridiculously fast, that were once done by CPU's, sometimes even entire server farms of computers.
I doubt anyone expected it to happen this fast of course, from it's early days around when he disappeared.
From what I've read of Satoshi's original posts, no a shift to high capital cost & customized equipment was not expected nearly this fast or even at all. Maybe after a decade or so when the payout per block become < 6BTC, but not yet.
The goal was for widely distributed hashing and BTC generation, both to ensure stability of the network and to disperse BTC widely in order to encourage adoption. The number of people dropping $40K plus figures for Avalon's or SC Rigs is counter these goals.
IMHO if Satoshi predicted this, he would have made the hashing algorithm more complicated in order to require a CPU (i.e. limited benefit from GPU, FPGA or ASIC).
All that said I don't believe the rise of ASICs and centralized mining (at least for now) is necessarily a negative event, in fact I think it demonstrates just how strong the crypto currency is and how rapidly it is gaining traction.
For all the MINERS selling $+10K worth of BTC for equipment, there are USERS buying BTC for other market purposes. This is capitalism.
And unlike others, I think ASICs will strengthen the network. The reason is the ASICs have no other purpose, once an ASIC is fabed the only useful thing it can do is add hashing power to the network. This ensures a stable base of hashing power. Compare this to GPU mining when the 2011 crash happened, the network started to weaken because people sold their GPUs to gamers. Even if people sell their ASICs, the only thing a buyer can do is hash with it, this is positive for the bitcoin project.
IMHO the goal of the network is to become strengthened against government disruption, if 100,000 ASICs are sold that would do a lot towards getting there.
But if you got a used 5830, it would come the closest at like 15% paid off before it start losing you money. 
or maybe not.