When I was searching about bitcoin, a question came to mind: When will bitcoin become widely accepted as a payment option in real life? Was the initial design of bitcoin intended for use as a form of payment? What aspects contribute to making bitcoin a viable payment option? I know that currently, bitcoin is seen more as an investment rather than a means of payment. Is that correct?
Before it becomes widely used for payments it has to be widely owned as an investment/store of value/savings. We are still very far from the first condition. Probably less than 1% of the world owns Bitcoin. Even if you take out the children in the population, adoption still is probably only right around 1.0%. 1% of the adult population, spread all over the world. That's not nearly enough density of ownership for merchant adoption, which is of course required for people to make payments.
Specifically, what we need to have Bitcoin being used regularly for payments is:
1. Cheap fast transactions (Lightning Network ✅ and other solutions like that)
2. As said above, enough people owning bitcoin - still many years away from this
3. To add to #2, enough people owning bitcoin for a long enough period of time, cuz people are only going to want to spend their bitcoin once they are easily in the green and not worried about spending at a loss. Because a lot of the whole point of Bitcoin is to use it as savings to gain money while you are holding, so at least in more economically stable countries, people will only bother spending bitcoin they've been saving for years and have seen plenty of value appreciation on, though les economically stable countries people may not care so much because they would just be trying to get out of their weak currency/corrupt banks. So let's say that delays the payment use case for one to two market cycles, so 4-8 years delay beyond when there is enough ownership density in populations to warrant merchant adoption
4. Less volatility and appreciation. People aren't gonna want to spend bitcoin all that much if it goes up a ton in value over time. Though this may not matter because by the time there are enough people to satisfy #2 and #3 bitcoin will probably be fairly mature and will no longer be going up by dozens percent per year.
5. Merchant adoption. Can't buy things until merchants add bitcoin payment options. And there is no reason to do this until #2 is hit. And of course this will happen gradually over many years, and then actual use of these bitcoin payment options by the public will gradually happen over many years once it is available.
6. Tax laws that make room for bitcoin payments. Not very many people are ever going to use bitcoin for payments if you have to calculate how much capital gains tax you owe every time you buy something. So in nations where you pay taxes on bitcoin profits (most nations) there need to be laws that allow transactions under a certain amount to be tax free. In the US Congress such a low has already been proposed a couple times (tax free for txs with less than I think $200 profit), but we are still probably numerous years away from the law actually getting passed because politicians don't know enough or care enough about Bitcoin to bother passing such a law yet.
So yes, bitcoin was designed as a p2p payments platform of course, in addition to being designed as a perfectly transparent scarce hard currency, and it is completely capable of being used globally for payments with second layer solutions, since the base chain was not designed for large payment usage obviously. But the six things above will have to be met before we see people regularly using bitcoin for payments. I'd guess we will see payment adoption take off in the 2040s and 2050s. 2020s and 2030s its still going to primarily just be used for investment/store-of-value/savings.